Quote:Rex, I guess the concept of the rise of hominids over a "longer period of time" doesnt find favor with you?
Not particularly.
Now back to these "Genesis fallacies." You probably shouldn't be so quick to use them in your arguments, farmerman.
Quote: There was light ("night and day") before there was a sun. (Note: If there were no sun, there would be no night or day. Also, light from the newly created heavenly bodies seems to have reached the earth instantaneously though it now takes thousands or millions of years.)
Wrong again.
In the midst of all the biblical and scientific evidence for a young earth/universe, skeptics often turn to the question about light reaching the earth as an excuse, or try to explain it in ways that will prove the Bible wrong.
First of all, it is important for us to let the language of God's Word speak to us. If we come to Genesis 1 without any outside influences, as is easily shown, each of the six days of creation appears with the Hebrew
yom qualified by a number, and the phrase "
evening and morning." The first three days are written the
same as the next three. So if we let the language speak to us, all six days were ordinary earth days.
Second of all, the sun is not needed for day and night! What is needed is light and a rotating earth. On the first day of creation, God made light (Gen. 1:3). The phrase "
evening and morning" certainly implies a rotating earth. Thus if we have light from one direction, and a spinning earth, there can be day and night.
Now about the travel of light taking "millions of years"...
One explanation used in the past was rather complex, involving light traveling along Riemannian surfaces (an abstract mathematical form of space). Apart from being hard to understand, it appears that such an explanation is not valid, since it would mean that we should see duplicates of everything.
Perhaps the most commonly used explanation is that God created light "on its way," so that Adam could see the stars immediately without having to wait years for the light from even the closest ones to reach the earth. But there are numerous problems with this theory (which I will spare you of typing out at the moment, but will at your request if you'd like), and isn't an acceptable explanation either.
An obvious solution would be a higher speed of light in the past, allowing light to cover the same distance more quickly. This seemed at first glance a too-convenient
ad hoc explanation. Then some years ago, Australian Barry Setterfield raised the possibility to a high profile by showing that there seemed to be a decreasing trend in the historical observations of the speed of light (c) over the past 300 years or so. Setterfield (and his later co-author, Trevor Norman) produced much evidence in favor of the theory. They believe it would have affected radiometric dating results, and even have caused the red-shifting of light from distant galaxies, although this idea was later overtuned, and other modifications were made also.
Nevertheless, the c decay theory stimulated much thinking about the issues. Creationist physicist Dr. Russell Humphreys says that he spent a year on and off trying to get the declining c theory to work, but without success. However, in the process, he was inspired to develop a new creationist cosmology which appears to solve the problem of the apparent conflict with the Bible's clear, authoritative teaching of a recent creation.
Before I continue, I should probably address this issue-- this sort of development, in which one creationist theory (c decay) is overtaken by another, in a healthy aspect of science. The basic biblical framework is non-negotiable, as opposed to the changing views and models of us fallible people seeking to explain the data within that framework (evolutionists also often change their ideas on exactly
how things have made themselves, but never
whether they did).
Okay, now, let us briefly give a hint as to how the new cosmology seems to solve the starlight problem before explaining some preliminary items in a little more detail. Consider that the time taken for something to travel a given distance is the distance divided by the speed it is traveling. That is:
Time=Distance (divided by) Speed
When this is applied to light from distant stars, the time calculates out to millions of years. Some have sought to challenge the distances, but this is a very unlikely answer (Many billions of stars exist, many just like our own sun, according to the analysis of the light coming from them. Such numbers of stars have to be distributed through a huge volume of space, otherwise we would all be fried.) Astronomers use many different methods to measure the distances, and no informed creationist astronomer would claim that any errors would be so vast that billions of light years could be reduced to thousands, for example. There is good evidence that our own Milky Way is 100,000 light across itself.
If the speed of light (c) has not changed, the only thing left untouched in the equation is time itself. Ta da! Einstein's relativity theories have been telling the world for decades that time is not a constant.
Two things are believed (with experimental support) to distort time in relativity theory-- one is speed and the other is gravity. Einstein's general theory of relativity, the best theory of gravity we have at present, indicates that
gravity distorts time. This effect has been measured experimentally, many times. Clocks at the top of tall buildings, where gravity is slightly less, run faster than those at the bottom, just as predicted by the equations of general relativity (GR).
When the concentration of matter is very large or dense enough, the gravitational distortion can be so immense that even light cannot escape (a black hole). The equations of GR show that at the invisible boundary surrounding such a concentration of matter (called the event horizon of a black hole, the point at which light rays trying to escape the enormous pull of gravity bend back on themselves), time literally stands still.
The universe has a boundary-- in other words, it has a center and an edge, and if you were to travel off into space, you would eventually come to a place beyond which there was no more matter. In this cosmology, the earth is near the center, as it appears to be as we look out into space. This might sound like common sense, as indeed it is, but all modern secular ("big bang") cosmologies deny this. That is, they make the arbitrary assumption (without any scientific necessity) that the universe has no boundaries-- no edge and no center. In this assumed universe, every galaxy would be surrounded by galaxies spread evenly in all directions (on a large enough scale), and so therefore all the net gravitational forces cancel out.
However, if the universe has boundaries, then there is a net gravitational effect toward the center. Clocks at the edge would be running at different rates to clocks on the earth. In other words, it is no longer enough to say God made the universe in six days. He certainly did, but six days by which clock? If we say "God's time" we miss the point that He is outside of time, seeing the end from the beginning. (Gen. 1:1, Eccles. 3:11, Isa. 26:4, Rom. 1:20, 1 Tim. 1:17, Heb. 11:3)
There appears to be observational evidence that the universe has expanded in the past, supported by the many phrases God uses in the Bible to tell us that at creation he "stretched out" (other verses say "spread out") the heavens (Isa. 42:5, Jer. 10:12, Zech. 12:1). If the universe is not much bigger than we can observe, and if it was only 50 times smaller in the past than it is now, then scientific deduction based on GR means it has to have expanded out of a previous state in which it was surrounded by an event horizon (a condition known technically as a "white hole"-- a black hole running in reverse, something permitted by the equations of GR).
As matter passed out of this event horizon, the horizon itself had to shrink-- eventually to nothing. Therefore, at one point this earth (relative to a point far away from it) would have been virtually frozen in time. An observer on earth would not in any way "feel different." "Billions of years" would be available (in the frame of reference within which it is travelling in deep space) for light to reach the earth, for stars to age, etc. -- while less than one ordinary day is passing on earth. This massive gravitational time dilation would seem to be a scientific inevitability if a bounded universe expanded significantly.
In one sense, if observers on earth at that particular time could have looked out and "seen" the speed with which light was moving toward them out in space, it would have appeared as if it were traveling many times faster than c. (Galaxies would also appear to be rotating faster.) However, if an observer in deep space was out there measuring the speed of light, to him it would still only be travelling at c.
It is fortunate that creationists did not invent such concepts such as gravitational time dilation, black and white holes, event horizons and so on, or we would likely be accused of manipulating the data to solve the problem. The interesting thing about this cosmology is that it is based upon mathematics and physics totally accepted by all cosmologists (general relativity), and it accepts (along with virtually all physicists) that there has been expansion in the past (though not from some imaginary tiny point). It requires no "massaging" -- the results "fall out" so long as one abandons the arbitrary starting point which the big bangers use (the unbounded cosmos idea, which could be called "what the experts don't tell you about the 'big bang'").
This new cosmology seems to explain in one swoop all of the observations used to support the "big bang," including progressive red-shift and the cosmic microwave background radiation, without compromising the data or the biblical record of a young earth. Oh yeah, and it also answers that "fallacy" about light in Genesis.
There is more detail of this new cosmology, at layman's level, in the book by Dr. Humphreys,
Starlight and Time, which also includes reprints of his technical papers showing the equations.
Quote:Plants began to grow before there was sunlight.
On the fourth day the luminaries came into existence. Since God has foreknowledge, he understood the nonsense of the foolish philosophers who were going to say that the things produced on Earth came from the stars, so that they might set God aside. In order therefore that the truth might be demonstrated, plants and seeds came into existence before stars. For what comes into existence later cannot cause what is prior to it."
Quote:Every plant and tree which yield seed are given to us by God as good to eat. (Note: This would include poisonous plants such as hemlock, buckeye pod, nightshade, oleander.)
Again,
wrong. And this one is quite easy to explain, as opposed to the one above.
The world before the Fall had no death, disease, or suffering, as God proclaimed the finished creation "very good" (Genesis 1:31). Consistent with this, God gave plants to the animals to eat (Genesis 1:29-30).
Then Adam sinned, and death came into the world. Only
then did plants become poisonous to kill animals [before then they had no reason to, because they were all good to eat, and God appropriately described His creation as "very good" (Genesis 1:31)].
Also, just to address this before someone else brings it up, the eating of a plant was not considered "death." The Bible makes a clear distinction between the status of plants and animals. People and animals are described in Genesis as having, or being,
nephesh (Hebrew). See Genesis 1:20-21, 24 where
nephesh chayyah is translated "living creatures," and Genesis 2:7 where Adam became a "living soul" (
nephesh chayyah). Nephesh conveys the basic idea of a "breathing creature." It is also used widely in the Old Testament, in combination with other words, to convey ideas of emotions, feelings, etc. Perhaps
nephesh refers to life with a certain level of consciousness. Plants do not have such
nephesh, and so Adam eating a carrot did not involve death in the biblical sense.
Quote:Prior to eating the forbidden fruit, Adam and Eve would have had no knowledge of right and wrong; they would not have known that it was a sin to disobey God or to obey the serpent.
Except that, you know, God told them not to eat of the tree or they would surely die.
Quote:Since God created the three as well as the Tree of Knowledge, he is ultimately responsible for the Fall
That's like saying Remington is ultimately responsible for all of the deaths at the hands of murderers that use their guns improperly. Or that Ford is ultimately responsible for all of the drunk-driving deaths at the hands of irresponsible people that drive their cars. Very, very unrealistic-- God gave Adam and Eve freedom, and they abused that freedom, and
they are ultimately responsible for the Fall. The serpent can take some blame as well, but it was Adam and Eve's choice to follow his deception.
Quote:GE 3:1-5 The serpent speaks human language (presumably Hebrew).
GE 3:14 The serpent eats dust for the rest of his life (by command of God).
Think you could elaborate on these? I'm not really seeing how they contradict Genesis.