Quote:Round 173:Suppose you have a Kacheekers board with tan and grey squares, each square measuring 5 cm by 5 cm.
What's the radius of the largest circle that can be drawn on the board such that the entire circumference of the circle is only touching grey? Please round to the nearest hundredth of a centimeter
We have an eight-by-eight board, with squares alternating in color between tan and grey. For this exercise to work, we must assume our circle to be "ideal"; that is, the line drawing the circle has no width. (This is not realiistic, of course, but is fine mathematically.)
The circle cannot go outside the board, so it cannot fully include any of the squares along the edge of the board. To pass between grey squares, the circle must pass through the corners of the squares. Let's check cases:
If the circle is centered on a tan square and includes fully only that square, then the circle would pass through the corners of that square and through the interiors of the four surrounding grey squares. The radius would be (2.5)(sqrt[2]), by basic right triangles.
Can the circle be centered on a grey square and include fully the four surrounding tan squares? If so, then the circle must pass through the far corners of those tan squares. Does it? We can check by confirming that the distance from the center of the central grey square to those corners is always the same (this distance being the circle's radius). Drawing right triangles, it may be shown that these distances are (5/2)(sqrt[10]). So this circle will work.
Continuing outwards, can the circle be centered on a tan square and include fully the four surrounding grey squares and the eight tan squares in the next "layer"? If so, then the circle must pass through the far corners of those tan squares. The distance from the center of this grouping of squares to, say, the top right corner of the first tan square to the right of the central square may be shown to be (5/2)(sqrt[26]). But the distance from the center to the top right corner of the tan square one up from this square may be shown to be (15/2)(sqrt[2]). So this circle won't work.
The next circle would be centered on a grey square and would require the board to extend for four squares from each side of the central square. But the board is only eight-by-eight, so larger circles are not possible.
So the largest radius would be that of the second circle: (5/2)(sqrt[10]), or about 7.9056941504... centimeters. Rounded to the nearest hundredth, this is 7.91 cm.
Eliz.