@Roberta,
It is an interesting situation and full of food for thought.
Many people tend to view eating meat as incompatible with a fully developed state of mind or being, regardless of whether or not it helped lead to the development of a high level of intelligence.
I think the case of cetaceans is a good example. We all know whales and dolphins are among the most intelligent of non-human animals, but for a lot of people the baleen whales or Mysticeti (blue whales, humpback, right whales etc) are perceived in a much different (and more favorable) light than the toothed whales or Odontoceti (sperm whales and all dolphins and porpoises, including the infamous Killer Whale)
Baleen whales are toothless, gentle giants who compose whale song epics, as they roam the oceans thinking deep cetacean thoughts.
Toothed whales are frightening monsters of the deep (e.g. Moby Dick) or perhaps just as frightening, roving packs of
sea-wolves who often make a game of battering or tearing their prey apart.
Of course all whales are killers. They are all carnivorous. The difference in their diets is the size and development of their prey. For the Mysticeti, the baleen is an enormous organic filter through which great amounts of sea water pass and in which are trapped the whale's
prey, zooplankton. But if you have to be carnivorous, what could be less savage, and less disturbing than subsisting entirely on tiny, even microscopic, primitive animals who have no measurable intelligence and reside at the absolute bottom of the animal food chain? It's the closest thing to a Vegan in the world of carnivores.
On the other flipper are the Odontoceti who want blood with their meat and for those for whom fish is not sufficiently satisfying, there are funny looking but cute penguins, even cuter seals and most horrific of all, their close kin, other cetaceans As with most predators, Killer Whales find the babies among their prey the easiest kills and when they take on an adult whale as a pack will essentially eat their prey alive (or at least until the inflicted wounds and blood loss kills the prey). Hell, even the big cats regularly dispatch their prey by clamping their jaws on the throats of their victims and suffocate them before they start chowing down! Killer Whales obviously deserve their name, and what better proof than the fact that they have often been observed playing with their prey, flinging the poor animal repeatedly through the air before getting down to business.
Of course most experts agree that the behavior of "playing" with prey is a means to teach young Killer Whales how to hunt, and not part of a sadistic Orca game, but it still seems cruel to many of us and especially if the
play toy is a baby animal. We want all the cute fluffy rabbits in the world to outrun the fox, the weasel, or the lynx, but we don't want those beautiful creatures to all starve to death.
Why can't they become vegetarians!
Probably because the typical dolphin or porpoise eats only fish and has been so popularized by TV and the movies, they are not seen by humans as menacing. They are
people loving sea scamps who, after all, just eat fish and there are quite a few humans who avoid eating "meat" but are OK with consuming dumb fish, so close enough.
Much of people's general perception of these animals is based on their perception of the level of threat they present to humans. Conventional wisdom tells us the big
gentle baleen whales
will leave you alone if you leave them alone
Dolphins are our friends and will even come to our rescue if need be!
We all know what the sperm whale Moby Dick did to the Pequod and it's crew, even though few of use plowed through the unabridged version of the novel, and, of course, Orcas are killers. (
One of them not that long ago, out of the blue, killed its long time handler at a Sea World park, by dragging her to the bottom of the tank and causing her to drown. Clever monster!)
So there is, I think, an atavistic fear involved in people's perceptions of these amazing creatures but I think it extends well beyond that to a common perception that what you eat and how you eat it is somehow a reflection of your inner being, your
soul, and the greater an animal's intelligence the less forgiving such people tend to be of bloody, violent predation. It's something that goes beyond any ignorance concerning the behaviors of the animal (e.g. "playing" with prey) Movies and TV, with the right formula, can turn monsters into sympathetic characters and "Free Willy" probably helped to soften some views of Orcas, but the first Nat Geo documentary showing a close up of a couple of Killer Whales taking down a blue whale calf would likely harden them right back.
When Chimps were first observed brutally killing monkeys and other small animals and then eating them (not to mention the savage violence of their "wars") it was as if they, like Adam & Eve, had fallen from grace. The idea that these lovable primates who act like us in ways we find entertaining and charming, also were capable of acting like us in ways we might describe as repulsive, disappointed a great many people. The notion that these highly intelligent cousins of ours were not living an almost idyllic life of socialized grooming, primitive tool usage and (with the exception of the occasional ant or termite snack) a vegetarian diet was not something people wanted to accept (Ironically, gorillas who are far more fearsome to the average person, live a lot more closely to that idyllic life than chimps)
Life on earth requires death. They are inseparable. If, by eliminating all aging and disease, we are ever able to crow that we have
effectively removed death from the human experience, I'm afraid I feel quite sure that we will find ourselves in a place we never expected, and we'll discover that we didn't banish death at all, we just changed the balance on how it comes to us.
One of the things we prize so much in our humanity is our social behaviors. Family and friends, love and affection, cooperation and assistance, altruism and charity, and when we observe animals living in highly social structures and demonstrating the good side of society we award them points in terms of our regard, because we can better identify with them, but there are well developed theories of social structures having a dark side: Aggression, bullying, discrimination based on social status, conflict and even war, and for many of us, finding this side play out in the animal world amounts to the tainting of noble savages.
Indeed, lots of food for thought.