Queen Christina of Sweden was arguably not just the most intelligent woman in Europe in her day, but one of the most intelligent
persons in Europe in her day. Her father, Gustavus Adolphus, died when she was only five years of age, so his chancellor, Oxenstierna, saw to it that she had one of the most comprehensive educations available. Brilliant artists and scholars from all over Europe visited the Swedish court, and Christina would study with them all. She also invited René Descartes to come to Sweden, and although reluctant, he eventually did so. He was obliged to rise very early in the morning to provide her her lessons, something which did not endear her to the philosopher. On her part, she resented his complaints, as that was the only time in her busy ceremonial day available for her to study. Descartes caught a cold (or flu, or pneumonia or simply despair) and died in Sweden.
Christina abdicated in 1652, and moved to Rome, proclaiming her conversion to Catholicism. For more than 30 years thereafter, she tormented the ex-patriots of Rome with her obsessional devotion and insistence on the precedence, as she has been a reigning queen.