Do you feed your 2 cats at the same place, or separately? If it's together, your "problem" cat might be eating very quickly to make sure he gets his fair share. Maybe he's not digesting his food properly if this is the case. It sounds like your other cat is the "top cat" in your household & maybe the other one is intimidated by her.
You might also try giving him some more TLC, if he's missing out to the other cat. He sounds rather unhappy to me.
Not cleaning himself properly seems to indicate that he's not feeling well.
If this problem persists, see the vet again. If nothing is achieved by this, ask around for the name of a really well respected vet whose good with cats. I've had ailments seriously misdiagnosed in the past, only to have the ailment quickly fixed, following another vet's opinion.