the revolution of 1688

The answer is d.

why not B?

B is essentially a meaningless claim which can be made about so many events--the Hundred Years War, the Wars of the Roses, the civil wars--it's pap, it's meaningless. The one thing it isn't is an incorrect statement. One could easily make the claim and an argument that the Glorious Revolution was the start of modern England.

"D" is so glaringly incorrect that it is the obvious answer. The Restoration (capitalization required) took place once and only once, and that was in 1660.

Let me give you a clue here. None of the answers are all that correct. Parliament had been supreme since the civil wars. "Principle of political liberty?"--for whom? Not even five percent of adult males in England were entitled to vote, and women would not be able to vote for well over two hundred years. What you've got here is standard text book history which provides superficial descriptions of events, and attachs to them labels which were intended to reassure the powers that were that they were really nice guys who were entitled to seek their own ends and call it virtue.

In point of fact, if one were to seek a more accurate catch phrase, the flight of James II in 1688 (calling it a "revolution" is making a silk purse from a sow's ear) can be considered the triumph of "No Pope," the enshrinement of institutionalized Protestantism and virulent anti-Catholic sentiment. I don't blame them, either--not for getting rid of that pig-headed, stiff-necked, dull-witted fool James, and preventing a return to Catholicism. I do laugh at them, though, for calling it a "Glorious Revolution." Revolutions change societies, for good or ill. Nothing much changed in 1688 except the players on stage.

Get yer programs, get yer programs, ya can't tell the players without a program!

OF COURSE!
For that matter, the Big Bang
can be considered the "the beginning of modern England".