@Aifart,
Aifart wrote:In theory could a life sustainable planet have a gravitational pull weak enough to allow a "floating island" in the same way we have a moon but strong enough for the island to be far enough inside the atmosphere to allow life to thrive on said island?
The particular combination you describe is not possible.
However, you might have two planets of similar size orbiting each other with a la grange point between them with some object (like a floating mountain) stabilized within the point. The planets would also have to share an atmosphere which would be a little bit tricky and might imply a lot of turbulence.
I have no idea how "habitable" such a system might be.