@thack45,
Those are good questions. Years ago, i linked some studies done in Europe which specifically alleged that male fertility declines in industrialized nations. That might be worth a search--but i'm not going to bother doing it again.
There are two obvious and well established reasons for large families in pre-industrial societies, and evidence from European records that these once applied there, too. The first is that "many hands make light work." Having many children provides the labor necessary in an agricultural society which cannot rely on heavy machinery. The other is a primitive form of old age pensions. The more children you can produce who reach adulthood, the better the prospect that you'll have someone to support you as you age. There are several other considerations, of course. Whether or not there will be land for them to farm, or prosperous young men for them to marry, and whether or not they'll be willing to support you are two rather obvious ones.
Manor court records from the middle ages in Europe frequently show widows who secure an agreement from a son or a daughter and son-in-law to provide certain necessities and comforts in return for the right to farm the field strips which devolved on her when her husband had died. Many of them are quite specific--a seat by the fire, a straw-filled pallet by the fire, a new suit of clothes each year (manors provided this to all the serfs,
who were working), two meals a day, meat once a week--it was the pension system of the day. It would seem to me that the fact that there weren't more of these agreements suggests that many parents knew they could rely on their children, or continued to hold the land and let the children work it and recieve the benefit so long as they were providing what mom or dad expected. Of course, in those days, old age began somewhere north of 35 years of age, and most people didn't live to see 50. However one looks at it, though, there are many clear reasons why large families would appeal to poor farmers in a pre-industrial society.