Rosborne979, this topic is huge and endlessly fascinating. Yes, the brain has stored reflexes or responses, such as the quick drawback from fire; but false reflexes can be stored when trauma has caused permanent change in the brain, making it difficult to keep an open mind, as in your quote:
Quote:One implication of this (if it's true) might be that it's necessary to intentionally prevent a previously set idea from being triggered as a reaction to previously experienced stimulus (ideas). In this way, "keeping an open mind" might be the effort required to block pre-set neural paths.
Read the entire article if you have time, but i have included some excerpts:
http://www.childtrauma.org/ctamaterials/memories.asp
Memories of Fear
How the Brain Stores and Retrieves Physiologic States,
Feelings, Behaviors and Thoughts from Traumatic Events
Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D.
The Child Trauma Academy
www.ChildTrauma.org
This is an Academy version of a chapter originally appearing
in "Splintered Reflections: Images of the Body in Trauma"
(Edited by J. Goodwin and R. Attias) Basic Books (1999)
-------------------------------------------------------------
And in each of the diverse brain systems which mediate
specific functions, some element of previous experience is
stored.
This storage involves complex neuromolecular processes -
use-dependent changes in synaptic microarchitecture and
intracellular alterations in various important chemicals
involved in cellular communication and gene expression (see
Kandel, 1989). The details - those that are known - are
outside the scope of this chapter. Yet to understand that the
physical properties of neurons change with experience is
crucial to understanding the concept of memory. Simply stated
- the brain changes with experience - all experience, good
and bad. The focus of this chapter is how the brain changes
by storing elements of a traumatic experience.
===============================
A cascade of patterned neuronal activity is initiated in
these primitive areas of the brain which moves up to more
complex parts of the brain. In addition to sending these
signals to higher parts of the brain, this cascade of
activity also initiates a set of brainstem and midbrain
?'responses' to the new information from the environment,
allowing the individual to react in a near-reflexive fashion.
In many instances, the brain's response to incoming sensory
information will take place well before the signals can get
to the higher, cortical parts of the brain where they are
?'interpreted'.
Activation of these key systems results in patterns of
neuronal activation which move from brain stem through mid
brain, to thalamic, limbic and cortical areas. At the level
of the brain stem and midbrain, there is very little
subjective perception. It is at the level of the thalamus and
the limbic areas that the actual sensation of anxiety arises.
It is only after communication with cortical areas that the
individual is able to make more complex, cognitive
associations which allow interpretation of that internal
state of anxiety (Singer, 1995).
=======================
Simply stated, then, the fear response will involve a
tremendous mobilization and activation of systems distributed
throughout the brain: terror involves cortical, limbic,
midbrain and brainstem-based neurophysiology (see Gorman,
Liebowitz, Fyer, & Stein, 1989). Because the neuronal systems
alter themselves in a ?'use-dependent' way in response to
patterned, repetitive neuronal activation, a state of terror
will result in patterned, repetitive neuronal activation in
this distributed and diverse set of brain systems - resulting
in a set of ?'memories.' In each of these areas -- mediating
cognitive, motor, emotional and state-regulation ?- elements
of the traumatic event will be ?'stored.' Memories of trauma
have been created (see Terr, 1983; Pynoos and Nader, 1989;
Schwarz and Kowalski, 1991; Schwarz and Perry; 1994).
===========================
The physiological hyper-reactivity of post-traumatic stress
disorder is a cue-evoked ?'state' memory (see Figures 3, 4 and
5). The brain has taken a pattern of neuronal activation
previously associated with fear and now, will ?'act' in
response to this false signal. The ?'recall' of traumatic
state memories underlies many of the abnormally persistent
characteristics of the once-adaptive response to threat (see
Perry, in press; Perry 1993; Perry, 1994). This persistence
of the ?'fear' state and the ability of now non-threatening
cues to become paired to a full blown threat response is
related to the remarkable capacity of the human brain to make
associations.