@reasoning logic,
reasoning logic;162191 wrote:From what I understand science does! Example, We know that individual scientist are bias, hopefull and cant be trusted to be objective and that is why science has built in systems to protect scientist from their own subjectivity, That is why they have double blind expiriments and do peer reviews.
Scientist know that they are just as foulable as anyone else as they are so eager to get their hypothesis proven. This is why they have all of these methods to protect them from their own credulity.
But what do we do when the entire scientific community is biased? So called "scientific objectivity," when relativized to the current accepted scientific paradigm of the day, is actually very
subjective, personal, social, and normative--not "factual." Scientists time and again will maintain their theories in spite of disconfirming evidence against those theories.
We see this all the time when a scientific theory is faced with disconfirming evidence in such a way that mainstream scientists will actually blame a failed experiment on the alleged mistake of the researcher, and not as a result of a fundamental flaw of the accepted scientific theory itself. As anomalous results in failed experiments build up, science reaches a
crisis, at which point a new paradigm, which replaces the old, is accepted.
I'm sure you don't just blindly accept as true what most scientists say in a given time period just because most of them happen to think a certain way at that time. Theories of old are always being discarded in favor of new theories.
Thomas Kuhn, a physicist and engineer, famously made the strong case in
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) that science is highly
subjective, certainly much more than we think.
Thomas Kuhn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Quote:In his essay, Kuhn reiterates five criteria from the penultimate chapter of the
Structure of Scientific Revolutions that determine (or help determine, more properly) theory choice:
- - Accurate - empirically adequate with experimentation and observation
- - Consistent - internally consistent, but also externally consistent with other theories
- - Broad Scope - a theory's consequences should extend beyond that which it was initially designed to explain
- - Simple - the simplest explanation, principally similar to Occam's Razor
- - Fruitful - a theory should disclose new phenomena or new relationships among phenomena
He then goes on to show how, although these criteria admittedly determine theory choice, they are imprecise in practice and relative to individual scientists. According to Kuhn, "When scientists must choose between competing theories, two men fully committed to the same list of criteria for choice may nevertheless reach different conclusions."
[5] For this reason, basically, the criteria still are
not "objective" in the usual sense of the word because
individual scientists reach different conclusions with the same criteria due to valuing one criterion over another or even adding additional criteria for selfish or other subjective reasons. Kuhn then goes on to say, "I am suggesting, of course, that the criteria of choice with which I began function
not as rules, which determine choice,
but as values, which influence it."
[5] Because Kuhn utilizes the history of science in his account of science, his criteria or values for theory choice are often understood as descriptive normative rules (or more properly, values) of theory choice for the scientific community rather than prescriptive normative rules in the usual sense of the word "criteria."