@Twirlip,
jeeprs:
Yes, there has been a historical revolt against classical rationalism. Instead of looking to the natural ends to solve problems the moderns looked instead to the proximate cause.
But there are some good things associated with this revolt. To quote an old teacher of mine: "When man revered nature we were poor".
The rejection of natural teleology in modern political philosophy is especially noteworthy. In it, the nature of man is not posited as being directed toward a natural end, as in the virtues, it is posited rather as arising from the state of nature within which man's origin was found. The moderns looked to the superficial origins as their guide and not the purposeful ends. Modern man is free from nature's grip in a way that classical rationalism could not have imagined. Modern man controls nature precisely to the extent that he does not look into it for a purpose.
Classical rationalism interpreted nature differently:
[CENTER]
Nature is a whole which structures the moral and political, providing a schema by which to give content to good and evil, a connection between "is" and "ought." Nature is a system of ends or perfections which is realized and gives meaning to notions of virtue.[/CENTER]
[CENTER]According to the understanding of classical natural moral law all natural beings, at least all living beings, are directed towards an end, a perfection for which they long; there is a specific perfection which belongs to each specific nature; there is especially perfection of man which is determined by the nature of man as the rational and social animal. Nature supplies the standard, a standard wholly independent of man's will; this implies that nature is good. Because man has a definite place within the whole, a very exalted place; one can say that man is the measure of all things or that man is the microcosm, but he occupies that place by nature; man has his place in an order which he did not originate. "Man is the measure of all things" is the very opposite of "Man is the master of all things." Man has a place within the whole: man's power is limited; man cannot overcome the limitations of his nature. The good life is the life according to nature, which means to stay within certain limits; virtue is essentially moderation...Not the maximum of pleasures but the purest pleasures are desirable; happiness depends decisively on the limitation of our desires. [/CENTER]
[CENTER]...ancient natural law is primarily and mainly an objective "rule and measure," a binding order prior to, and independent of, the human will, while modern natural law is, or tends to be, primarily and mainly a series of "rights," of subjective claims, originating in the human will.[/CENTER]
[CENTER]Ancient natural law is as an order seen as a model. The classical notion of "nature" is what is given prior to human willing. It is objective substance. [/CENTER]
[CENTER]Natural moral standards arise when we ask the question: what is the best human life?
--Leo Strauss[/CENTER]
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---------- Post added 03-06-2010 at 10:44 PM ----------
ughaibu;137046 wrote:How do you deal with the regress?
Unmoved mover l> > >
- - O
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