@ACWaller,
The problem is that there are multiple levels of thought. This fact has been considered a key weakness of stream-of-consciousness literary theory and style (as SOC must necessarily only be able to record
one level of a person's thought).
Think about how we think. On the most common and banal level we think with words, usually in our mother tongue, but on yet another, we think pictorially, almost a slide-show collection in our minds; on yet another, musically; and so on and so forth until the web of thoughts becomes so connected and intertwined so as to be impossible to disentangle from one another.
Yes, language influences the way we think, but only on the most superficial and rational levels; as you delve deeper into a mind, you will reach sharper, stronger thoughts--emotions--fear, daring, love, hatred, joy, sorrow, etc. And below that the level of instinct that propels our constant desires--the quest for food and health and comfort and progeny--and possibly below that a basement substratum of unquantifiable atavistic urges inherited from when the first collections of molecules emerged from viscous organo-ooze and life emerged.