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THE K WORD

 
 
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 06:55 am
Been watching the BBC series "Heat of the SUN" which is a Kenya based murder mystery miniseries.
The word "kaffir" is used as a racial slur by the Afrikaans speaking heavies in the film. Ive always wondered the origin, etymology, and anything you could provide on this slur.

Ive pretty much given up on any in depth info from Wikepedia or QAsk.

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Type: Question • Score: 7 • Views: 6,185 • Replies: 38
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msolga
 
  2  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:05 am
Maybe Pamela R will see this thread & explain the meaning in detail, farmer? Wink
farmerman
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:09 am
@msolga,
Im not being purposely evasive. I really am interested in the word. AS far as the member you refer to, isnt she preoccupied with her horses pregnancy?
BillRM
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:15 am
@farmerman,
Ive pretty much given up on any in depth info from Wikepedia or QAsk.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

And how must details do you wish for from Wikepedia?

I do not know what more you could ask for from any one source then Wikepedia had provided below for the word.!
=================================

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir_(racial_term)

Kaffir (racial term)
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The word kaffir, sometimes spelt kaffer or kafir, is an offensive term for a black person, most common in South Africa and other African countries. Generally considered a racial or ethnic slur in modern usage, it was previously a neutral term for black southern African people.

The original meaning of the word is 'heathen', 'unbeliever' or 'infidel', from the Arabic 'kafir' and is still being used with this meaning by Muslims.[1] Portuguese explorers used the term generally to describe tribes they encountered in southern Africa, probably having misunderstood its etymology from Muslim traders along the coast. European colonists subsequently continued its use.[2] Although it was in wide use between the 16th and 19th centuries, and not generally seen as an offensive term, as racial tensions increased in 20th century South Africa and the surrounding countries, it became a term of abuse.

The word was used in English, Dutch and, later, Afrikaans, from the 16th century to the early 20th century as a general term for several different peoples of southern Africa. In Portuguese the equivalent cafre was used.

In South Africa today, the term is used both as an insult, and by some, as a common word for a black person. In any case, the term is regarded by most as highly offensive (in a similar way to "nigger" in other countries). Use of the word has been actionable in South African courts since at least 1976 under the offence of crimen injuria: "the unlawful, intentional and serious violation of the dignity of another".[3]

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Historical usage
2.1 Early English usage
2.2 Colonial period
2.3 Apartheid-era South Africa
2.4 Namibia
3 Modern usage
3.1 Post-apartheid South Africa
3.2 Jamaica and Suriname
4 Examples of use
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
8 See also
8.1 Definitions of kaffir


[edit] Etymology
Main article: kafir
Kaffir is derived from the Arabic word (Arabic: كافر) that is usually translated into English as "infidel" or "unbeliever". The word was originally applied to non-Muslim people in the south and east of the continent by coastal Arab traders. It is likely that Portuguese explorers, encountering these traders, interpreted the word as the ethnicity of the native African people they had encountered.[citation needed] Portuguese national poet Camões used the plural form of the term (cafres) in the fifth canto of his 1572 poem Os Lusíadas. This interpretation was probably passed on to other European settlers and explorers.

The word kāfir is the active participle of the Semitic root K-F-R "to cover". As a pre-Islamic term it described farmers burying seeds in the ground, covering them with soil while planting. Thus, the word kāfir implies the meaning "a person who hides or covers". In Islamic parlance, a kāfir is a person who rejects Islamic faith, i.e. "hides or covers [viz., the truth]".[citation needed]

[edit] Historical usage
[edit] Early English usage
The works of Richard Hakluyt[4] contains an early written use of the term in English. He writes: calling them Cafars and Gawars, which is, infidels or disbelievers.[5] He refers to the slaves (slaves called Cafari) and inhabitants of Ethiopia (and they use to go in small shippes, and trade with the Cafars ) by two different but similar names. The word is also used in reference to the coast of Africa (land of Cafraria on the coast of Ethiopia).[6]

[edit] Colonial period
The word was used to describe all black people in the region, excluding of course the San and Khoi Khoi, at the time of Europeans' first contact with them. This included many ethnic groups, such as the Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana and others. The pidgin language developed for whites to communicate with these people, Fanagalo, was sometimes called "Kitchen Kaffir". The term was also used by early Boer trek farmers to describe a person not converted to Christianity, similar to the Arabic meaning.[citation needed]

The word was used officially in this way, without derogatory connotations, during the Dutch and British colonial periods until the early twentieth century. It appears in many historical accounts by anthropologists, missionaries and other observers, as well as in academic writings. For example, the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford originally labeled many African artifacts as "Kaffir" in origin. The 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica made frequent use of the term, to the extent of having an article of that title.[citation needed]

Occasionally, the word was used to refer specifically to the Xhosa people, as in such inoffensive linguistic works as interpreter Bud' Mbelle's 'Kafir Scholar's Companion', Kropf's 'Kaffir-English Dictionary', J. Torrend's 'Outline of Xosa-Kafir Grammar', and J. McLaren's 'Introductory Kaffir Grammar', where a distinction was made between the 'Kaffir' Xhosa and the other Bantu tribes of Southern Africa; Bud' Mbelle was himself a member of the Mfengu tribe, closely related to the Xhosa and Zulu people. More recent editions of both of these works have had their names sanitised by current standards, and the word 'Kaffir' has been replaced by the word 'Xhosa' wherever deemed necessary, especially in the case of the 'Revised Kaffir Bible' - a translation of the Bible into the Xhosa language.

[edit] Apartheid-era South Africa
During the 20th century, the word gradually took on negative connotations. By 1976, its use was actionable in court in South Africa. On a number of occasions the use of the term Kaffir led directly to violence or even death, as in the case of Almond Nofomela. While working as an undercover policeman during the early 1980s, Nofomela stabbed and killed a farmer after being allegedly called a kaffir (the farmer was subsequently robbed).[7]

The Afrikaans term Kaffir-boetie (English: Kafir brother) was also often used to describe a white person who fraternised with or sympathized with the cause of the black community.[8][9]

[edit] Namibia
Much like in South Africa the term was used as a general derogatory reference to blacks. A 2003 report by the Namibian Labour Resource and Research Institute states:[10]

Kaffir in the Namibian context was a derogatory term which mainly referred to blacks in general but more particularly to black workers as people who do not have any rights and who should also not expect any benefits except favours which bosses ('base') could show at their own discretion.

[edit] Modern usage
[edit] Post-apartheid South Africa
In 2000, the parliament of South African enacted Act No. 4 of 2000: Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act.[11] that contains the following clause relating to hate speech:

10. (1) Subject to the proviso in section 12. no person may publish, propagate, advocate or communicate words based on one or more of the prohibited grounds, against any person, that could reasonably be construed to demonstrate a clear intention to -
(a) be hurtful;
(b) be harmful or to incite harm;
(c) promote or propagate hatred.

Though the Act does not list any specific words, it is generally understood to restrict the use of the words kaffir, koelie, hotnot, meid and other derogatory racial terms.[12]

Notwithstanding the end of Apartheid and the above mentioned Act, use of the word continues today.

In 2000 during the State of the Nation address at the Opening of the South African Parliament reference was made to an internal email of the South African Food and Allied Workers Union that read ...I would like to summarise what the Kaffirs have done to stuff up this country since they came into power...[13]

In February 2008 there was huge media and public outcry in South Africa after Irvin Khoza, then chairperson of the 2010 FIFA World Cup organizing committee, used the term during a press briefing in reference to a journalist.[14][15][16][17]

A statement made during the March 5, 2008 sitting of the South African Parliament shows how the usage of the word is seen today:[18]

We should take care not to use derogatory words that were used to demean black persons in this country. Words such as ‘Kaffir’, ‘coolie’, ‘Boesman’, ‘hotnot’ and many others have negative connotations and remain offensive as they were used to degrade, undermine and strip South Africans of their humanity and dignity.

The phrase 'the K-word' is now often used to avoid using the word 'kaffir' itself, similar to 'the N-word', used to represent 'nigger'.

[edit] Jamaica and Suriname
In Jamaica and Suriname, the term is used exclusively by people of Indian (Hindustani) ancestry to refer to the Surinamans and Jamaicans of African ancestry. That use was presumably derived from the Urdu/Hindi and originates from Arabic but has the same Dutch/South African usage. The word is mainly used in its Hindustani form kaffir or kaphar.[citation needed]

[edit] Examples of use
Some indicative examples:

Kaffir is the title of a 1995 hit song by the black Johannesburg Kwaito artist Arthur Mafokate. The lyrics say, "I don't come from the devil, don't call me a kaffir, you won't like it if I call you baboon". This song is considered one of the very first hits of the Kwaito genre, and is said to have set precedent for the post-apartheid generation struggle of combining dance music with the new phenomenon of freedom of expression in South Africa. [19]
Kaffir Boy is the title of Mark Mathabane's autobiography, who grew up in the township of Alexandra, travelled to the United States on a tennis scholarship, and became a successful author in his adoptive homeland.
In the film Lethal Weapon 2, South African criminal Arjen Rudd (played by Joss Ackland), his colleague Pieter Vorstedt (played by Derrick O'Connor) and their followers frequently refer to Danny Glover's character Roger Murtaugh, who is African American, as a "kaffir". His partner Detective Martin Riggs (Mel Gibson) is referred to as a "kaffir-lover". At the end of the movie when, Riggs and Murtagh kill off the bad guys, Murtagh says they were "de-kaffirnated."
In the film adaption of The Power of One "kaffir" is regularly used against blacks, notably by the racist Sgt. Bowmann (played by Clive Russell).
South African cricket players complained that they were racially abused by some spectators during a December 2005 Test match against host country Australia held in Perth. Makhaya Ntini, a black player in the team, was taunted with the word "kaffir". Other white and coloured players were subjected to shouts of "kaffirboetie"; an Afrikaans term which means "brother of a kaffir". Ntini said he could not tell whether the abuse was coming from Australians or ex-South Africans living in Perth.[citation needed]
Australian tennis player Brydan Klein was fined 10,000 euros following a qualifying match at the Eastbourne International, June 2009, for unsportsmanlike conduct after allegedly calling his South African opponent, Raven Klaasan, a "kaffir" and spitting in the direction of another player's coach.[citation needed] http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news;_ylt=AtPN0Sv63IANU_92r0BBCmc4v7YF?slug=reu-meneastbourneklein&prov=reuters&type=lgns
In the documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife, Anita Meyer tells the filmmakers she calls their cat a kaffir cat, "because it's black".
In the film The Wild Geese (1978) Peter Kotzee (played by Hardy Kruger) explains to his fellow officers "we have blacks in South Africa. We call them Kaffirs which is just like you calling them niggers. I don't particularly like them but I don't like killing them."
In the film The Wilby Conspiracy (1975) Shack Twala (played by Sydney Poiter) has to explain to Jim Keogh (played by Michael Caine) that "kaffir" is a derogatory term and not to be taken lightly.
In Blood Diamond (film) (2007), Danny Archer (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) uses the word against Solomon Vandy (played by Djimon Hounsou). A fight ensues.
[edit] See also
Coolie
0 Replies
 
msolga
 
  2  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:16 am
@farmerman,
I know you're serious, farmer. And I hope you find the information you're looking for.

No, no, not that member. Pamela R generally starts (predictable) threads on "race issues" from Africa.

I was being a bit cheeky in my comment, sorry.

farmerman
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:25 am
@msolga,
OOPS got the names confused. Im thinking Arella MAe.
msolga
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:27 am
@farmerman,
Yes, that's right.
And she doesn't post from Africa, either. Smile
0 Replies
 
msolga
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 07:35 am
I had to correct the spelling before posting this, but you get the gist.:

Quote:
kaffir

A word that is used by South Africans in describing black people, it is derogatory and is usually expressed while feeling very frustrated and angry at a black person's incompetence.
that kaffir broke the iron again


Quote:
kaffir

1. Arabic term meaning "infidel.' See kafir, kaafir. Plural kufaar, kaafirun.

2. Borrowed into Afrikaans and S. African English as insulting term for an African.
Under apartheid, the "kaffirs" had to live in locations.


http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=kaffir
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 09:43 am
Miss Olga's reference to a narrowing of the Arabic term for an infidel, then applied to the Bantu people of southern Africa is the term with which i am familiar. And, as far as historiography goes, the term was pretty much neutral until the English and the Afrikaners began to fight the Zulu and the Matabele.

The term "kaffir" seems to have entered the Afrikaners vocabulary as a result of their trading with Arabs on the coast of Africa. The Bantu-speaking Xhosa peoples (aka Zulus and Matabele) came into conflict with the Afrikaners and later the English who seized the Cape colony. There were a series of wars which were at the time called Kaffir wars which first the Afrikaners and then the English and the Afrikaners fought with Bantu-speaking peoples over the period of exactly a century--the first Kaffir war was fought in 1779, and the ninth Kaffir war was fought in 1879. The ninth and last Kaffir war was the one which invovled the fight at Rorke's Drift, immortalized on film in the motion picture Zulu.

The term kaffir has become so odious because of its associations with the racist regime in South Africa, that most historians now refer to the Kaffir wars as the Xhosa wars (and claim, falsely, that this is how they were always named). Promiment Xhosa's of our contemporary world include Nelson Mandela, Tabo Mbeki (sp?) and Desmond Tutu.
Walter Hinteler
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 10:02 am
@Setanta,
In German, the term has the same spelling like in Africaans, Kaffer.

A novel, situated in South-West and South Africa (origianally written about 1911)
http://i38.tinypic.com/dq40h3.jpg

A map's (title) from 1854
http://i35.tinypic.com/10589bs.jpg
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 10:05 am
Your orthographical expertise exceeds mine, Walter. I am only familiar with the spelling--kaffir--which i used, which may well be the English spelling only.
Walter Hinteler
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 10:21 am
@Setanta,
I've just scanned a couple of books (in google books): around 1840, all that part of Africa was called (in German) "Kaffer(n)land".

And according to Grimm's German dictionary, 'Kaffern' became a popular term in student's slang as well as a swear word, for dirty, lazy persons and .... peasants/farmers (that's the same word in German, Bauer).

In (today's) Dutch, there's the verb uitkafferen , meaning 'bawl out'.
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 10:52 am
I'm not going to subscribe to Britannica in order to get this article, but the beginning of of their article on the Kaffir wars both employs the spelling with which i am familiar, and alludes to the Arabic origin of the term.

(NB--when i linked it, i got the full article. Life can be strange.)
Walter Hinteler
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:14 am
@Setanta,
No doubt about that.

'Kafer' was a Yiddish term for peasant/farmer in the late Medieval ages (and later?) used in the German student language as well.

So I could imagine that German/Dutch speaking people just took the more similar name ...

"Kaferitniks" were Jewish owners of restaurants for kafers, btw (Source: Speaking Jewish -- Jewish speak: multilingualism in Western Ashkenazic culture By Shlomo Berger, A. Pomerance via google books)
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:16 am
Ah, so you're suggesting that the Dutch heard an Arabic term for infidel, which was in the pronunciation cognate with their term for a low-born person, and applied it to the blacks with whom they had come into conflict.
Walter Hinteler
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:19 am
@Setanta,
I'm not sure about the Dutch.

But what I found indicates that the German word was used in those days, frequently.
And instead of saying/writing 'kafir' they just used the known word .... pointing somehow automatically in the 'right' direction.
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:21 am
Well, otherwise, kaffern would be a false cognate, and bear no relation whatsoever to kaffir--unless one rejects the Arabic derivation altogether.
0 Replies
 
farmerman
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:31 am
we need a timeline to the references to develop the term from an idio-evolutionary sense.
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:35 am
Well, it seems to me that if the term kaffern was already familiar to the Dutch as a term of derogation for the "low-born," and they heard Arab traders using kaffir ("infidel") to describe Bantu-speakers with whom they were frequently in conflict, they might well adopt the term in their sense of the meaning as a term of contempt. It is a commonplace of human nature to despise those with whom one comes into conflict.
ossobuco
 
  1  
Reply Sun 20 Sep, 2009 11:38 am
This is all news to me, and interesting. I've only known about the kaffir lily, the common name I learned for Clivia miniata:
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/78/230228000_02531134a3.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivia_miniata
 

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