By JENNIFER 8. LEE
EACH September Jacqueline Harding prepares a classroom presentation on the
common writing mistakes she sees in her students' work.
Ms. Harding, an eighth-grade English teacher at Viking Middle
School in Guernee, Ill., scribbles the words that have plagued generations of schoolchildren across her
whiteboard:
There. Their. They're.
Your. You're.
To. Too. Two.
Its. It's.
This
September, she has added a new list: u, r, ur, b4, wuz, cuz, 2.
When she asked her students how many of them used
shortcuts like these in their writing, Ms. Harding said, she was not surprised when most of them raised their hands. This,
after all, is their online lingua franca: English adapted for the spitfire conversational style of Internet instant
messaging.
Ms. Harding, who has seen such shortcuts creep into student papers over the last two years, said she gave
her students a warning: "If I see this in your assignments, I will take points off."
"Kids should know the
difference," said Ms. Harding, who decided to address this issue head-on this year. "They should know where to draw the line
between formal writing and conversational writing."
As more and more teenagers socialize online, middle school and
high school teachers like Ms. Harding are increasingly seeing a breezy form of Internet English jump from e-mail into
schoolwork. To their dismay, teachers say that papers are being written with shortened words, improper capitalization and
punctuation, and characters like &, $ and @.
Teachers have deducted points, drawn red circles and tsk-tsked at
their classes. Yet the errant forms continue. "It stops being funny after you repeat yourself a couple of times," Ms. Harding
said.
But teenagers, whose social life can rely as much these days on text communication as the spoken word, say that
they use instant-messaging shorthand without thinking about it. They write to one another as much as they write in school, or
more.
"You are so used to abbreviating things, you just start doing it unconsciously on schoolwork and reports and
other things," said Eve Brecker, 15, a student at Montclair High School in New Jersey.
Ms. Brecker once handed in a
midterm exam riddled with instant-messaging shorthand. "I had an hour to write an essay on Romeo and Juliet," she said. "I
just wanted to finish before my time was up. I was writing fast and carelessly. I spelled `you' `u.' " She got a
C.
Even terms that cannot be expressed verbally are making their way into papers. Melanie Weaver was stunned by some
of the term papers she received from a 10th-grade class she recently taught as part of an internship. "They would be trying
to make a point in a paper, they would put a smiley face in the end," said Ms. Weaver, who teaches at Alvernia College in
Reading, Pa. "If they were presenting an argument and they needed to present an opposite view, they would put a
frown."
As Trisha Fogarty, a sixth-grade teacher at Houlton Southside School in Houlton, Maine, puts it, today's
students are "Generation Text."
Almost 60 percent of the online population under age 17 uses instant messaging,
according to Nielsen / NetRatings. In addition to cellphone text messaging, Weblogs and e-mail, it has become a popular means
of flirting, setting up dates, asking for help with homework and keeping in contact with distant friends. The abbreviations
are a natural outgrowth of this rapid-fire style of communication.
"They have a social life that centers around typed
communication," said Judith S. Donath, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab who has studied
electronic communication. "They have a writing style that has been nurtured in a teenage social milieu."
Some teachers
see the creeping abbreviations as part of a continuing assault of technology on formal written English. Others take it more
lightly, saying that it is just part of the larger arc of language evolution.
"To them it's not wrong," said Ms.
Harding, who is 28. "It's acceptable because it's in their culture. It's hard enough to teach them the art of formal
writing. Now we've got to overcome this new instant-messaging language."
Ms. Harding noted that in some cases the
shorthand isn't even shorter. "I understand `cuz,' but what's with the `wuz'? It's the same amount of letters as `was,'
so what's the point?" she said.
Deborah Bova, who teaches eighth-grade English at Raymond Park Middle School in
Indianapolis, thought her eyesight was failing several years ago when she saw the sentence "B4 we perform, ppl have 2
practice" on a student assignment.
"I thought, `My God, what is this?' " Ms. Bova said. "Have they lost their
minds?"
The student was summoned to the board to translate the sentence into standard English: "Before we perform,
people have to practice." She realized that the students thought she was out of touch. "It was like `Get with it, Bova,' "
she said.
Ms. Bova had a student type up a reference list of translations for common instant-messaging expressions.
She posted a copy on the bulletin board by her desk and took another one home to use while grading.
Students are
sometimes unrepentant.
"They were astonished when I began to point these things out to them," said Henry Assetto, a
social studies teacher at Twin Valley High School in Elverson, Pa. "Because I am a history teacher, they did not think a
history teacher would be checking up on their grammar or their spelling," said Mr. Assetto, who has been teaching for 34
years.
But Montana Hodgen, 16, another Montclair student, said she was so accustomed to instant-messaging
abbreviations that she often read right past them. She proofread a paper last year only to get it returned with the messaging
abbreviations circled in red.
"I was so used to reading what my friends wrote to me on Instant Messenger that I
didn't even realize that there was something wrong," she said. She said her ability to separate formal and informal English
declined the more she used instant messages. "Three years ago, if I had seen that, I would have been `What is that?'
"
The spelling checker doesn't always help either, students say. For one, Microsoft Word's squiggly red spell-check
lines don't appear beneath single letters and numbers such as u, r, c, 2 and 4. Nor do they catch words which have numbers
in them such as "l8r" and "b4" by default.
Teenagers have essentially developed an unconscious "accent" in their
typing, Professor Donath said. "They have gotten facile at typing and they are not paying attention."
Teenagers have
long pushed the boundaries of spoken language, introducing words that then become passé with adult adoption. Now teenagers
are taking charge and pushing the boundaries of written language. For them, expressions like "oic" (oh I see), "nm" (not
much), "jk" (just kidding) and "lol" (laughing out loud), "brb" (be right back), "ttyl" (talk to you later) are as standard
as conventional English.
"There is no official English language," said Jesse Sheidlower, the North American editor of
the Oxford English Dictionary. "Language is spread not because not anyone dictates any one thing to happen. The decisions are
made by the language and the people who use the language."
Some teachers find the new writing style alarming. "First
of all, it's very rude, and it's very careless," said Lois Moran, a middle school English teacher at St. Nicholas School in
Jersey City.
"They should be careful to write properly and not to put these little codes in that they are in such a
habit of writing to each other," said Ms. Moran, who has lectured her eighth-grade class on such mistakes.
Others say
that the instant-messaging style might simply be a fad, something that students will grow out of. Or they see it as an
opportunity to teach students about the evolution of language.
"I turn it into a very positive teachable moment for
kids in the class," said Erika V. Karres, an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who
trains student teachers. She shows students how English has evolved since Shakespeare's time. "Imagine Langston Hughes's
writing in quick texting instead of `Langston writing,' " she said. "It makes teaching and learning so
exciting."
Other teachers encourage students to use messaging shorthand to spark their thinking processes. "When my
children are writing first drafts, I don't care how they spell anything, as long as they are writing," said Ms. Fogarty, the
sixth-grade teacher from Houlton, Maine. "If this lingo gets their thoughts and ideas onto paper quicker, the more power to
them." But during editing and revising, she expects her students to switch to standard English.
Ms. Bova shares the
view that instant-messaging language can help free up their creativity. With the help of students, she does not even need the
cheat sheet to read the shorthand anymore.
"I think it's a plus," she said. "And I would say that with a +
sign."
INGR
AINED - Eve Brecker, 15, of Montclair, N.J., uses instant-messaging shorthand unconsciously in
essays.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/19/technology/circuits/19MESS.html
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