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Objective Knowledge

 
 
joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 01:24 pm
Chumly wrote:
Let's try this
joefromchicago wrote:
So, for instance, if you say that you are made of glass, no one could correctly contradict you.
Substantiate that "no one could correctly contradict you" (sic) in whatever manner best supports your position.

Well, let's be clear here: I was not discussing my position, I was discussing fresco's position.

According to that position, truth is subject to negotiation. Thus, the statement "I am made of glass" is neither absolutely true nor absolutely false, but rather is relatively true in the context of the purposes and expectations of the participants in the interaction or discourse or whatever it is that they're involved in. Given that, it would be impossible to correctly respond to the statement "I am made of glass" by saying "you are wrong," because "falsity" is just as relative and contingent and contextual as is "truth" in that situation. Indeed, because reality is just as contextual as is truth, one could not even correctly respond by saying "you are." Where there is no basis for determining what is true and what is false, there is no basis for saying that someone is right or someone is wrong. And where there is no basis for determining what is real and what is not real, there is no basis for saying that someone is or someone isn't.
0 Replies
 
fresco
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 04:46 pm
All this is what I call "seminar philosophy" divorced from everyday contexts. The word salad generated by unlikely utterances like "I am made of glass" is on a par with the futile discussions about "Peter having a pain" or "Socrates being mortal". What's going on is intellectual dancing amongst "philosophers".

If someone actually uttered the phrase "I am made of glass" it would be dealt within the social contect in which it arose...."poetic", "attention seeking", "psychotic" or whatever....all merely functional labels to summarize what happens next. That is the central point ...no "observation", no "statement", no "fact" ever stands alone...they are all part of a complex web of social interactions permeated by language.
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JLNobody
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 04:58 pm
It seems very clear to me that we are "negotiating" reality (or truths about reality) in these discussions. We are not simply debating about which is the true account of an objective reality out there somewhere independent of our discussion. I suppose the naive realism of everyday life is critical to the operations of a courtroom process (as it would be in a surgery ward or a battlefield--truth is, as Fresco notes, what works, not what is theoretically so). But in the context of philosophical inquiry the 'problematical' perspectives taken by Fresco, myself and others are very appropriate. Imagine a philosophical inquiry based solely on naive realism. I would love to read some statements from Joe regarding his philosophical intuitions about reality that go beyond our culture's mundane conventions.
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JLNobody
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 05:02 pm
Fresco, that is an excellent nontrivial (and for some unfortunates, a counter-intuitive) statement:

"If someone actually uttered the phrase "I am made of glass" it would be dealt within the social contect in which it arose...."poetic", "attention seeking", "psychotic" or whatever....all merely functional labels to summarize what happens next. That is the central point ...no "observation", no "statement", no "fact" ever stands alone...they are all part of a complex web of social interactions permeated by language."
0 Replies
 
fresco
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 05:10 pm
(....even though I did miss out a "with"..... :wink: )
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joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 06:33 pm
fresco wrote:
All this is what I call "seminar philosophy" divorced from everyday contexts. The word salad generated by unlikely utterances like "I am made of glass" is on a par with the futile discussions about "Peter having a pain" or "Socrates being mortal". What's going on is intellectual dancing amongst "philosophers".

For someone who has actually written that it "is neither 'true' nor 'false' that the earth orbits the sun" to claim that anyone else's philosophy is "divorced from everyday contexts" is truly the apex of absurdity.

fresco wrote:
If someone actually uttered the phrase "I am made of glass" it would be dealt within the social contect in which it arose...."poetic", "attention seeking", "psychotic" or whatever....all merely functional labels to summarize what happens next.

You interpret "reality" to mean not "what is" but rather "what happens next." What you're describing isn't epistemology or ontology, it's sociology.

fresco wrote:
That is the central point ...no "observation", no "statement", no "fact" ever stands alone...they are all part of a complex web of social interactions permeated by language.

So what?

Oh wait, here comes fresco's hallelujah chorus:

JLNobody wrote:
Fresco, that is an excellent nontrivial (and for some unfortunates, a counter-intuitive) statement

Right on time.
0 Replies
 
Chumly
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 08:13 pm
joefromchicago wrote:
Chumly wrote:
Let's try this
joefromchicago wrote:
So, for instance, if you say that you are made of glass, no one could correctly contradict you.
Substantiate that "no one could correctly contradict you" (sic) in whatever manner best supports your position.

Well, let's be clear here: I was not discussing my position, I was discussing fresco's position.

According to that position, truth is subject to negotiation. Thus, the statement "I am made of glass" is neither absolutely true nor absolutely false, but rather is relatively true in the context of the purposes and expectations of the participants in the interaction or discourse or whatever it is that they're involved in. Given that, it would be impossible to correctly respond to the statement "I am made of glass" by saying "you are wrong," because "falsity" is just as relative and contingent and contextual as is "truth" in that situation. Indeed, because reality is just as contextual as is truth, one could not even correctly respond by saying "you are." Where there is no basis for determining what is true and what is false, there is no basis for saying that someone is right or someone is wrong. And where there is no basis for determining what is real and what is not real, there is no basis for saying that someone is or someone isn't.
I understand that I asked you to substantiate your position as it relates to fresco's position you being the skeptic of fresco's position. But I cannot see why I cannot correctly contradict fresco in the sense that fresco does not have the properties of glass, even given the (not necessary all encompassing all embracing one might suppose?) premise that truth is subject to negotiation; because how do you negotiate optical permeability?
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JLNobody
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 08:36 pm
Joe, do you see how adolescent your snide remarks can sound?

e.g.,
"Oh wait, here comes fresco's hallelujah chorus:

JLNobody wrote:
Fresco, that is an excellent nontrivial (and for some unfortunates, a counter-intuitive) statement

Right on time."
0 Replies
 
fresco
 
  1  
Reply Fri 27 Jul, 2007 11:56 pm
JLN,

Since Joe refuses to do any background reading his claim to be discussing "my position" is a joke. Its like me claiming the ability to discuss the finer points of organic chemistry, a subject I "scraped through" as a teenager. To be fair, he may no longer have the flexibility to handle the material which tends to expose his vested interests in adversarial exchange, and the futility of semantic nitpicking. Much of his excessive discourtesy may be a reactionary smoke screen in this respect.
0 Replies
 
joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 10:13 am
Chumly wrote:
I understand that I asked you to substantiate your position as it relates to fresco's position you being the skeptic of fresco's position. But I cannot see why I cannot correctly contradict fresco in the sense that fresco does not have the properties of glass, even given the (not necessary all encompassing all embracing one might suppose?) premise that truth is subject to negotiation; because how do you negotiate optical permeability?

First of all, you have to abandon the notion that the statement "I am made of glass" is a fact claim. Given that fresco denies the objectivity of reality (well, he claims to deny it -- in practice he reaffirms it constantly), it follows that there can be no such thing as a "fact claim," or at least there can be no such thing as a fact claim that is valid for anyone other than the person asserting the claim.

Thus, the statement "I am made of glass" is, despite its appearance, not a claim by the speaker that he is actually made of glass. Rather, it is an invitation by the speaker to others (or a command, as Maturana would put it) to agree with his statement "I am made of glass." Others may dispute the speaker's claim, but to do so would be to assert an objective fact -- i.e. that the speaker is not made of glass -- and, as we've seen, nobody can make such fact claims. At most, others can express their disagreement with the speaker. Indeed, if everybody disagrees with the speaker, then they might also label him as "delusional" or "crazy," but calling the speaker "delusional" is simply the equivalent of saying "the large majority of people disagree with the speaker."*

Moreover, it is of no avail that one can point out that the speaker does not exhibit the attributes of an object made of glass. Science, after all, is nothing but a collection of fact claims, including the claim that objects made of glass exhibit certain attributes. Those fact claims are as inapplicable to the speaker as are the claims of the casual observer who asserts that the speaker is "nuts." In other words, if a scientist were to say to the speaker "you cannot be made of glass, since you exhibit none of the attributes of glass," the speaker can reply "that's your claim about glass," and neither would have any basis to validly contradict the other.


*fresco would go farther, and allow that society can, in certain circumstances, take action against anyone who expresses such "delusional" claims. That, by the way, is a rather risky path for fresco to take, since he has also stated that "it is neither 'true' nor 'false' that the earth orbits the sun," a statement with which the large majority of people would also disagree.
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fresco
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 10:50 am
Smile ....not quite on the "taking action" ! This is not "such" a claim. I implied that "society" might take action on a "pernicious" claim. Galileo's claim for heliocenticity was considered "pernicious" at the time by the "leaders" of the then "society". Harris and Dawkins are trying to sway "society" against "a belief in an afterlife" post 9/11...

But an interesting post, as a further illustration that both the utterance and projected responses are entirely contrived (for the seminar). A person who either affimed or contradicted such an utterance would be just as bizarre as the one who made it. If such an utterance were made the normal response would surely be "what did you say/what do you mean/explain that" etc. In other words it would be an attempt to solve a communicative impasse by extending the mutual context.
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Chumly
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 10:55 am
Hi Joe, thanks man!
1) If one were to argue that even the realty of science is nothing more than consensus, then what's to stop consensus from changing reality as (for example) some religionists would perhaps have me believe?

2) As a not wholly improbable future scenario, what if Man were to meet an alien race, and this race's perception of science appeared (but was not in fact) in some manner different than Man's perception.

For example: Mans' perception is that lead has the highest atomic number of all stable elements. However let's assume Man's perception (in error) of the alien race's perception of lead was that lead has the second highest atomic number of all stable elements.

How would the simple perception (in error) by Man of the alien race's differing scientific view change earth bound chemical reactions, or for that matter the alien's home world chemical reactions?

To all,
I don't have any set views on this topic, but parts of it make me scratch my head.
0 Replies
 
fresco
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 11:35 am
Good points.

Consensus applies also to "what works". For example, the consensus on Newtonian mechanics has shifted to delimit its use. "Science" is about obtaining the most general range of working principles and is shifting as we speak. If we could communicate with aliens at all this must imply some form of mutual consensus even if our scientific principles turned out to be a limited case of theirs.

The agenda of religionists is different to that of scientists. What religionists do is is invent or inherit parochial principles for their primary concerns of dealing with "existence" and "death" at the expense of ignoring the more general consensus on "scientific models". They tend to assume the simplistic concept of "causality" used in some limited areas of science and apply it to macro concepts like "creation". This is like trying to use the rules of tic-tac-toe to explain a the concept of chess. However the practicalities (what works) don't matter as much as the support and social cohesion by like minded adherents. Religion is tribal. It is folie a plusiers.
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Chumly
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 11:55 am
Thanks fresco!
The line of reasoning that truth is subject to negotiation should be moderated by the view that consensus applies also to "what works". In which case it would seem one cannot argue you are made of glass because optical impermeability is "what works".
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rosborne979
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 11:55 am
Re: Objective Knowledge
wandeljw wrote:
Do the physical sciences have more objective validity than social science, psychology, metaphysics, or theology? Theories which are non-testable are usually of no interest to specialists in the various physical sciences. Is it possible to acquire objective knowledge in "non-scientific" fields of study?

I'm not sure they have a higher degree of validity, but I think they have a much higher degree of probability.

And I think you sig line offers an answer as well: "The better theory is the one that explains more, that explains with greater precision, and that allows us to make better predictions."
Karl Popper (1902-1994)
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cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 12:55 pm
Re: Objective Knowledge
rosborne979 wrote:
wandeljw wrote:
Do the physical sciences have more objective validity than social science, psychology, metaphysics, or theology? Theories which are non-testable are usually of no interest to specialists in the various physical sciences. Is it possible to acquire objective knowledge in "non-scientific" fields of study?

I'm not sure they have a higher degree of validity, but I think they have a much higher degree of probability.

And I think you sig line offers an answer as well: "The better theory is the one that explains more, that explains with greater precision, and that allows us to make better predictions."
Karl Popper (1902-1994)



So true! That's about as clear as it can get; even at the subjective level of perception. It would seem that the more common agreement there is, the more objective (more true) it is in general for our physical reality.
0 Replies
 
Chumly
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 01:11 pm
Re: Objective Knowledge
rosborne979 wrote:
I'm not sure they have a higher degree of validity, but I think they have a much higher degree of probability.
If validity is not a function of probability, by what set of criteria would one assess the social sciences, psychology, metaphysics, or theology to have (presumable) validity (equivalent or otherwise)?
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cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 02:01 pm
Chumly, From my vantage point, I seem them as philosophical areas of inquiry. The only "validity" is expressed by those who study and believe they are important to human life - IMHO.
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Chumly
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 02:14 pm
If (and I'm not claiming that's the case) the only validity they represent is based on belief and not probability, then it begs the question of how the various social sciences differ from religion in terms of having core beliefs independent of probability.
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fresco
 
  1  
Reply Sat 28 Jul, 2007 02:16 pm
That word "validity" has many nuances in the social sciences. If you Google "validity in psychometrics" for example you will get at least four varieties. (predictive validity, concurrent validity, content validity, and construct validity.) In general we might say "validity" is about "goodness of fit" of a focal item within its functional context. In simple terms it is to do with "appropriateness".

I agree that there is a higher degree of probability (of consensus) within the "natural sciences" for several reasons.
1. Natural science aims at universal as opposed to statistical laws.
2. It tends to use the relatively culture free metalanguage of mathematics.
3. Effective control of experimental variables is facilated by the lesser liklihood of there being "ethical concerns".
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