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The article that Phoenix linked was very interesting. Based upon the graph in that article, about 80% of the world's population will reside in Asia and Africa by the year 2050.
It also makes this statement about lesser developed regions.
Quote:Between 2000 and 2030, nearly 100 percent of this annual growth will occur in the less developed countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, whose population growth rates are much higher than those in more developed countries.
And, as for the developed nations:
Quote:The more developed countries in Europe and North America, as well as Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, are growing by less than 1 percent annually. Population growth rates are negative in many European countries, including Russia (-0.6%), Estonia (-0.5%), Hungary (-0.4%), and Ukraine (-0.4%). If the growth rates in these countries continue to fall below zero, population size would slowly decline.
It's entirely possible that technology (like in medicine, sanitation and food production) could enable the world to sustain a population many times the size that it is currently. Then again, technology (like robotics and computers) might make it possible for a small population (4 Billion, maybe) to exist very comfortably.
In practical terms, it seems that population is largely a function of education and culture. So, we should expect growth rates to remain explosive in the undeveloped countries until conditions become more uniform with the developed regions of the world.
I think that, in time, the third-world will join the rest of the world. And, when it does, their populations will level and then decrease. The process will probably be painful and sad in human terms. It could also be catastrophic for the environment.