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Tue 1 Mar, 2005 07:23 pm
A friend of mine told me today in chemistry that H2SO4 is called bisulfuric acid or aqueous hydrogen bisulfate (depending on which naming system you use). I argued that it's just simply sulfuric acid (or aqueous hydrogen sulfate) with 2 hydrogen atoms because the sulfate needs 2 to be stable. His argument is that it's always 1 polyatomic ion + 1 hydrogen. Who's right?
You are. H2SO4 is sulfuric acid. There is no such thing as bisulfuric acid.
Under sertain conditions Sulfuric can shuck its protrons one at a time with two reactions
H2SO4-> H(+) + HSO4(-)
and
HSO4(-) -> H(+) + SO4(=)
but sulfiric acid is a strong mineral acid and for all practical purposes it shucks both protrons at once.
as you've learned
H2SO4-> 2H(+) + SO4(=)
Now this is not true from all acids. Some are stronger than others and there are many acids that release protrons at particular concentration conditions--This is known as concentration equilibrium, but generally Sulfuric acid is a top gun.
Rap
His argument is wrong--it's not "always 1 polyatomic ion + 1 hydrogen." Many polyatomic anions have charges less than -1; for example, chromate (CrO4) and carbonate (CO3) each = -2 and phosphate (PO4) = -3. The number of protons associated with each counterion to achieve neutrality is therefore not fixed at one (e.g., H3PO4 has more than one hydrogen, even though it has only one polyatomic ion).
In fact, H3PO4, depending on the pH of the parent solution, can exist as H+ + H2PO4-, 2 H+ + HPO4-2, and 3 H+ + PO4-3
The pH for the first, second, and third dissociations are around 2.1, 7.2, and 12.3. Practically, this means that H3PO4 usually dissociates once, rarely twice and virtually never three times.
For H2SO4, the first dissociation is at a pH that does not exist: around -6 (no such thing as negative pH). The second dissociation occurs at a pH of around 1.9, which is sufficiently low that you can think of it as all the time.
It's bisulfuric acid b/c just bisulfate is HSO4 so bisulfuric acid would be H2SO4.