The 'Lenny' authors, in Round 221, wrote:A Two Hundred Dubloon Coin is unique in that the outer edge is gold while the inside is silver. Assuming both sides of the coin are identical, and a line tangent to the inner circle is 23 mm from edge to edge of the coin, and excluding the edge of the coin in the calculation, what is the surface area of gold on the coin, in square millimetres? Please round up to the nearest square millimetre.
Using the provided graphic (thank you!), and letting the coin radius be "R" and the silver inset radius be "r", the Pythagorean Theorem gives us:
. . . . .r^2 + (11.5)^2 = R^2
. . .*
The area of the gold-only portion of the coin is found by taking the area of the whole coin, and then subtracting the area of the silver-inset portion of the coin.
From the formula for the area A of a circle with radius r, A = (pi)(r^2), we then get:
. . . . .A_{annulus} = (pi)(R^2) - (pi)(r^2)
. . .**
Multiplying equation (
*) through by (pi) and then solving, we get:
. . . . .(pi)(r^2) + (pi)(11.5)^2 = (pi)(R^2)
. . . . .(pi)(11.5)^2 = (pi)(R^2) - (pi)(r^2)
But equation (
**) says that the right-hand side of the last equation above gives us the area of the gold portion of one side of the coin. In other words:
. . . . .A_{annulus} = (pi)(11.5)^2
Since there are two sides to the coin, the gold surface area (exclusive of the edge) is then given by:
. . . . .2(pi)(11.5)^2 = 830.95125687...
Rounding up to the nearest whole number gives an answer of 831 square millimeters.
Note: I do not know, nor do I make any particular claim regarding, whether "mm^2" or "sq mm" or some other unit should be included with the numerical value, or if the prize-winning answer is supposed to be just plain "831".
Eliz.