2) Does "one" refer to "a bizarre double standard"?

Here's the claim, again:

Quote:

Certain biological traits appear to have been shaped by, and to have further enhanced, the human capacity for cooperation. For instance, unlike the rest of the earth'screatures, including our fellow primates, the sclera of our eyes (the region surrounding the colored iris) is white and exposed. This makes the direction of the human gaze very easy to detect, allowing us to notice even the subtlest shifts in one another's visual attention.

The claim is that "the human capacity for cooperation" SHAPES biological traits.

How does that work, exactly?

layman wrote:

Here's the claim, again:

Quote:

Certain biological traits appear to have been shaped by, and to have further enhanced, the human capacity for cooperation. For instance, unlike the rest of the earth'screatures, including our fellow primates, the sclera of our eyes (the region surrounding the colored iris) is white and exposed. This makes the direction of the human gaze very easy to detect, allowing us to notice even the subtlest shifts in one another's visual attention.

The claim is that "the human capacity for cooperation" SHAPES biological traits.

How does that work, exactly?

Let me guess, eh?

1. There's this thing called "the human capacity for cooperation." I'm not sure where it hangs out--if it's the heart, the liver, the brain, or maybe just out there in space, transcending all. But it's there, somewhere. Let's call it HC for short.

2. HC has a drafting table, some retractable lead pencils, some T-squares and ****, and in it's spare time it drafts blueprints of body plans it would like to see it's kids have. How to put white in eyes, stuff like that, ya know?

3. HC also has a hard-hat, some wrenches, vise grips, and ****, so, after drafting up the plans, it goes to work. It gets down tangling with the wires of the genetic machinery, tweaking them until the are set to produce eye whites in his children.

4. Then he relaxes for a spell, contemplating the next desirable "fix" he's going to implement for the good of his kids, eh? Maybe he will design the genetic structure to have his kids born with sandpaper gloves on their hands to they can't masturbate, and so that they are that much more determined to have sex with women, in a cooperative kinda fashion, ya know, so they can have more kids.

That about it, Oris?

Richard Dawkins' Climbing Mount Improbable was written 20 years earlier, yet it would serve as a good step toward your goal of properly understanding if you are lucky enough to have grasped it after reading (the guess you've put above is exactly a question of how to climb Mount Improbable).