@count markovalley,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists
Inventors and scientists[edit]
Note: this table is viewable as a timeline when clicking on the sort symbol next to 'Life'.
Name Life Occupation Inventions/Accomplishments Refs
Ammons, Virgie 1989– Inventor Fireplace Damper [5][6]
Amos, Harold 1918–2003 Microbiologist First African-American department chair at Harvard Medical School [7]
Alcorn, George Edward, Jr. 1940– Physicist
Inventor Invented a method of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer [8][9]
Bailey, L.C. 1890–1976 Inventor Wind Powered Clothes Dryer. [10]
Ball, Alice Augusta 1892–1916 Chemist Extracted chaulmoogra oil for the treatment of Hansen's disease (leprosy). [11]
Banneker, Benjamin 1731–1806 Mathematician
Astronomer
Surveyor
Clockmaker
Author
Farmer Wooden clock (1753). Assisted in survey of the original boundaries of the District of Columbia (1791). Authored almanac and ephemeris (1792–1797) [12]
Banyaga, Augustin 1947- Mathematician Work on diffeomorphisms and symplectomorphisms [13]
Janet Bashen 1957– Inventor
Entrepreneur
Professional
Consultant First African-American woman to receive a patent for a web-based software invention. The invention, LinkLine, is an Equal Employment Opportunity case management and tracking software. [14]
Bauer, James A. 1986– Inventor Watermelon Slicer. [15]
Bath, Patricia 1942– Ophthalmologist First African-American female physician to receive a patent for a medical invention. Inventions relate to cataract surgery and include the Laserphaco Probe, which revolutionized the industry in the 1980s, and an ultrasound technique for treatment. [16][17][18]
Beard, Andrew 1850–1920 Farmer
Carpenter
Blacksmith
Railroad worker
Businessman
Inventor Jenny Coupler improvements
Invented the car device#594,059 dated November 23, 1897
Rotary engine patent #478,271 dated July 5, 1892
[19]
Bell, Earl S. 1977– Inventor
Entrepreneur
Architect
Industrial Designer Invented Sliding Steering Wheel Tray (2004), and the Quantitative Display Apparatus (2005) [20]
[21] [22]
Benjamin, Miriam 18xx–1969 Inventor
Educator Invented "Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels". Second African-American woman to receive a patent. [23]
Berry, Leonidas 1905–1995 Gastroenterologist Gastroscope pioneer [24]
Bharucha-Reid, Albert T. 1928–1981 Mathematician
Statistician Probability theory and Markov chain theorist [25]
Black, Keith 1957– Neurosurgeon Brain tumor surgery and research [26][27]
Blackwell, David 1925–2010 Mathematician
Statistician First proposed the Blackwell channel model used in coding theory and information theory; one of the eponyms of the Rao-Blackwell theorem, which is a process that significantly improves crude statistical estimators. [28]
Blair, Henry 1810–1850 Inventor Second black inventor to issue a patent
Invented early spark plug [29]
[30]
Boahen, Kwabena 19xx– Bioengineer Silicon retina able to process images in the same manner as a living retina [31][32]
Boone, Sarah 18xx–1900
(birth date uncertain, 7 March 1878 and 18 May 1867 are mentioned) Inventor Ironing board allowing sleeves of women's garments to be ironed more easily [33][34][35]
Bowman, James 1923– Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Professor Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine; first tenured African-American professor at the University of Chicago Division of Biological Sciences. [36][37]
Boykin, Otis 1920–1982 Inventor
Engineer Artificial heart pacemaker control unit. [38][39][40]
Brady, St. Elmo 1884–1966 Chemist Published three scholarly abstracts in Science and also collaborated on a paper published in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. [41]
Branson, Herman 1914–1995 Physicist
Educator Protein structure research [42][43]
Brooks, Charles 1865– ? Inventor[citation needed] Street sweeper truck and a type of paper punch[citation needed]
Brooks, Phil 1999– Inventor[citation needed] Inventor of the Subway Sleep Guard[citation needed]
Henry Brown 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe [44]
Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor[citation needed] Rotary-blade lawn mower patent[citation needed]
Cardozo, P. William 1905–1962 Pediatrician Sickle cell anemia studies. In October 1937, he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" in the Archives of Internal Medicine; many of the findings are still valid today.
Carson, Ben 1951– Pediatric Neurosurgeon Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University
First surgeon to successfully separate craniopagus twins [45]
Carver, George Washington 1865–1943 Botanical researcher Discovered hundreds of uses for previously useless vegetables and fruits, principally the peanut [46][47][48][49]
Chappelle, Emmett 1925– Scientist and researcher Valuable contributions to several fields: medicine, biology, food science, and astrochemistry
Clark, Mamie 1914–2005 Psychologist
Clark, Kenneth 1917–1983 Psychologist First Black president of the American Psychological Association [50]
Crosthwait, David, Jr. 1898–1976 Research engineer Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Received some 40 U.S. patents relating to HVAC systems.
Dean, Mark 1957– Computer scientist Led the team that developed the ISA bus, and led the design team responsible for creating the first one-gigahertz computer processor chip.
Daly, Marie Maynard 1921– First black American woman with a Ph.D. in chemistry.
Drew, Charles 1904–1950 Medical researcher
Easley, Annie 1933– Computer scientist Work at the Lewis Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
Ejeta, Gebisa 1950- Geneticist Won the World Food Prize in 2009 for his major contributions in the production of sorghum.
Ejigu, Kitaw 1948–2006 Systems engineer
Ellis, Skip (Clarence) 1943– Computer scientist First African American with a Ph.D. in Computer Science
Software inventor including OfficeTalk at Xerox PARC [51][52]
Ezerioha, Bisi 1972– Automotive engineer Drag racing engineer and driver
Ferguson, Lloyd Noel 1918–2011 Chemist
Educator Chemistry doctorate, first received (1943, University of California, Berkeley)
Fryer, Roland G., Jr. 1977– Economist
Social scientist
Statistician Inequality studies
Gates, Sylvester James 1950– Theoretical physicist Work on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory
Goode, Sarah E. 1850s–1905 Inventor Cabinet bed invention
First African-American woman to receive a patent in the United States
Graves, Joseph L. 19xx– Evolutionary biologist
Greenaugh, Kevin 1956– Nuclear engineer
Griffin, Bessie Blount 1914–2009 Physical therapist
Inventor Amputee self-feeding device [53][54]
Hall, Lloyd 1894–1971 Chemist
Haile, Sossina M. 1966- Engineer Work on fuel cells
Harris, James A. 1932– ? Co-discovered Rutherfordium (element 104) and Hafnium (element 105) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory [55]
Hawkins, Walter Lincoln 1911–1992 Scientist Inventor at Bell Laboratories [56]
Hodge, John E. 1914–1996 Chemist
Holley, Kerrie 19xx– Research computer scientist at IBM Co-creator of Service-Oriented Modeling and Architecture, SOMA and the Service Integration Maturity Model (SIMM)
Jarvis, Erich 19xx– Neurobiologist Duke University neuroscience bird songs studies. [57][58][59]
Johnson, Isaac 18xx- ? Inventor Held patent for improvements to the bicycle frame, specifically so it could be taken apart for compact storage. [60]
Johnson, Lonnie 1949– Mechanical engineerNuclear engineer
Inventor
Invented Super Soaker while researching thermal energy transfer engines; worked with NASA. Holder of over 80 patents [61][62]
[63][64]
Jones, Frederick McKinley 1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems [65]
Julian, Percy 1899–1975 Chemist First to synthesize the natural product physostigmine; earned 130 chemical patents; lauded for humanitarian achievements. [66][67][68][69]
Just, Ernest 1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Biology Institute Biologist Provided basic and initial descriptions of the structure-function-property relationship of the plasma membrane of biological cells.
Kittles, Rick 1967– Geneticist Work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing
Kountz, Samuel L. 1930–1981 Transplant surgeon
Researcher Organ transplantation pioneer, particularly renal transplant research and surgery.
Author or co-author of 172 articles in scientific publications.
Latimer, Lewis 1848–1928 Inventor
Draftsman
Expert witness Worked as a draftsman for both Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison. He became a member of Edison's Pioneers and served as an expert witness in many light bulb litigation lawsuits. [70][71][72][73]
Lawson, Jerry 1940–2011 Computer engineer Designer of Fairchild Channel F, the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console
Lee, Raphael 1949– Surgeon
Biomedical engineer[citation needed] Paul and Aileen Russell Professor, Pritzker School of Medicine; MacArthur Fellow, Searle Scholar, Founder and Chairman, Avocet Polymer Technologies, Inc.; Founder and Chairman, Renacyte BioMolecular Technologies, Inc; Discovered use of surfactant copolymers as molecular chaperones to augment endogenous injury repair mechanisms of living cells. Holder of many patents covering scar treatment therapies, tissue engineered ligaments, brain trauma therapies, protective garments.[citation needed]
Matzeliger, Jan 1852–1889 Inventor Shoe assembly Machine [74][75]
McBay, Henry 1914–1995 Chemist
McCoy, Elijah 1844–1929 Inventor Invented a version of the automatic lubricator for steam engines.
McLurkin, James 1972- Roboticist [76]
Montgomery, Benjamin 1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller to provide propulsion to boats in shallow water
Morgan, Garrett 1877–1963 Inventor Invented the gas mask [77]
Ogbu, John Uzo 1939–2003 Anthropologist Ethnic studies in education and economics [78][79]
Oyekan, Soni 1946– Chemical engineer
Poindexter, Hildrus 1901–1987 Bacteriologist
Epidemiologist Work on the epidemiology of tropical diseases including malaria
Petters, Arlie 1964– Physicist Work on the mathematical physics of gravitational lensing
Quarterman, Lloyd Albert 1918-1982 Scientist
Fluoride Chemist Manhattan Project, worked with Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi
Renfroe, Earl 1907–2000 Orthodontist [80][81]
Rillieux, Norbert 1806–1894 Engineer
Inventor Inventor of the multiple-effect evaporator [82]
Russell, Jesse 1948– Engineer
Inventor Wireless communications engineer
Sammons, Walter 1890-1973 Inventor Patent for hot comb [83]
Sowell, Thomas 1930– Economist
Social scientist Economist, social theorist and political philosopher [84][85][86][87]
Steele, Claude 1946– Psychologist
Social scientist Stereotype threat studies
Stiff, Lee 1941– Mathematician President of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics from 2000 to 2002 [88]
Temple, Lewis 1800–1854 Inventor, Blacksmith, Abolitionist Inventor of the toggling whaling harpoon head. [89]
Thomas, Vivien 1910–1985 Surgical technician Blue baby syndrome treatment in the 1940s [90][91][92]
Tyree, Bernadette 19xx– Biochemist[citation needed] Program Director at National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases[citation needed]
Tyson, Neil deGrasse 1958– Astronomer Researcher and popular educator in astronomy and the sciences [93][94][95]
Walker, Arthur B. C., Jr. 1936–2001 Astronomer Developed normal incidence multilayer XUV telescopes to photograph the solar corona
Walker, C. J. 1867–1919 Inventor[citation needed] Created black cosmetic products.
Washington, Warren M. 1936– Atmospheric scientist Former chair of the National Science Board [96][97][98][99]
West, James E. 1931– Acoustician
Inventor Co-developed the foil electret microphone [100][101][102]
Wilkins, J. Ernest, Jr. 1923–2011 Mathematician
Engineer
Nuclear scientist Entered University of Chicago at age 13, PhD at 19, worked on the Manhattan Project, wrote over 100 scientific papers, helped recruit minorities into the sciences. [103][104]
[105]
Williams, Daniel 1856–1931 Surgerian Performed the first successful open-heart surgery in the United States [106]
Williams, Scott W. 1943– Mathematician
Williams, Walter E. 1936– Economist
Social scientist
Woods, Granville 1856–1910 Inventor Invented the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph [107]
Wright, Louis T. 1891–1952 Surgeon Led team that first used Aureomycin as a treatment on humans
Young, Roger Arliner 1899–1964 Zoologist First African American woman to receive a doctorate degree in zoology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mexicans
Science and technology[edit]
Eliseo Ramírez Ulloa, Physician Created the pap smear on 1922 before Papanicolau.
José Ádem, Mathematician
Miguel Alcubierre, Theoretical and computational physicist, see Alcubierre drive
Fernando Altamirano, Physician, botanist and naturalist
Miguel Alvarez del Toro, Biologist
Carlos Arias Ortiz, Biochemist
León Ávalos y Vez, Mechanical engineer
Juan Francisco Azcárate, Military, aircraft designer and engineer
Albert Baez, Physicist
Alexander Balankin, Physicist
Isidro Baldenegro López, awarded the 2005 Goldman Environmental Prize
Alicia Bárcena Ibarra, Biologist
Francisco Barnés de Castro, Engineer
Marcos E. Becerra, Anthropologist and botanist
Jacob Bekenstein, Physicist, contributed to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics; see the Bekenstein bound
Francisco Bolívar Zapata, Biochemist and professor
Alberto Bustani Adem, Engineer
Edwin Bustillos, awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1996
Juan Ismael Calzada, Botanist who credited with the discovery of the elm Ulmus ismaelis
Carlos Canseco, Physician and philanthropist
Nabor Carrillo Flores, Nuclear physicist, scientific advisor and former president of UNAM
Heberto Castillo, Civil engineer and political activist.
Ana María Cetto, Physicist
Ignacio Chapela, Microbial ecologist and mycologist, notable for his work with natural resources and indigenous rights
Ignacio Chávez Sánchez, Physician and cardiologist
Alejandro Corichi, Theoretical physics, contributed to the understanding of classical aspects of black holes
Jorge Cuesta, Chemist
José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez, Scientist
Miguel de Icaza, Free software programmer, started GNOME
Pablo de la Llave, Biolologist
Antonio de León y Gama, Astronomer, anthropologist and writer
Andrés Manuel del Río, Chemist who discovered vanadium
Alfredo Dugès, Biologist
Luis Enrique Erro, Astronomer
Henry Eyring, Chemist
Carlos Frenk, Astronomer, pioneer in simulations of large scale structure
Héctor García-Molina, Database researcher
Ángel María Garibay K, Linguist
Felicitas Goodman, Linguist and anthropologist
Francisco Javier González-Acuña, Mathematician
Guillermo González Camarena, Inventor of the first color television system
Rosario María Gutiérrez Eskildsen, Lexicographer, linguist, educator, and poet
Julio César Gutiérrez Vega, Physicist
Gastón Guzmán, Mycologist and anthropologist
Guillermo Haro, Astrophysicist and astronomer, co-discoverer of Herbig-Haro objects
Alfonso L. Herrera, Biologist
Jaime Lagunez, Cancer and HIV/AIDS researcher
José María Lanz, Mathematician and engineer
Yolanda Lastra, Linguist
Antonio Lazcano, Biologist
Jesús León Santos, awarded the 2008 Goldman Environmental Prize
José Luis Lezama, Scientist
Susana López Charreton, Biochemist
Ana María López Colomé, Biochemist
German Martinez Hidalgo, Physicist, mathematician, chemist, and astronomer
Daniel Mastretta, Engineer and car designer
Héctor Mayagoitia Domínguez, Chemist
Federico Mena, Computer programmer
Rafael Mendoza, Designer of Mendoza RM2 machine gun
Luis E. Miramontes, Co-inventor of the contraceptive pill
Ricardo Miledi, Neuroscientist who won the Royal Medal in 1998
Cristina Mittermeier, Photographer and biochemical engineer
José Mariano Mociño, Botanist
Mario J. Molina, Nobel Prize winner in 1995
Carmen Mondragón Nahui Olin, Model, painter and poet
General Manuel Mondragón, Firearm designer
Rodolfo Montiel Flores, awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2000
Marcos Moshinsky, Theoretical physicist
Rodolfo Neri Vela, Astronaut and scientist
Víctor Neumann-Lara, Mathematician
Alejandro Obregón, Mechanical engineer; see Obregon (pistol)
Melchor Ocampo, Biologist, politician
Esther Orozco, Biologist
Federico Ortiz Quezada, Urologist
Antonio Peña Díaz, Biochemist
Arcadio Poveda, Astronomer who developed a method to calculate the mass of elliptical galaxies
Marco Rito-Palomares, Biologist
Diego Rodríguez, Mathematician, astronomer, educator, and technological innovator
Raúl Rojas, Computer Scientist and mathematician
Arturo Rosenblueth, Physician and physiologist
George Rosenkranz, Biochemist
Pablo Rudomín Zevnovaty, Neuroscientist
Jerzy Rzedowski, Botanist
Reyes Tamez Guerra, Immunochemist
Ted Taylor, Physicist, nuclear weapons designer
Gabriel Trejo, Blacksmith; see Trejo pistol
Fernando Vallejo, Biologist, filmmaker and writer
Evangelina Villegas, Biochemist
Nora Volkow, Physician