@Walter Hinteler,
I want to add something about our system, which - as I have observed it personally - is very different from the one in the USA and in the UK, but similar in Austria, Switzerland, and a couple of other European countries:
when we are ill, we go to a doctor, a normal family doctor (general or internist), or to a specialist's ... practise.
They send you to the hospital, if needed.
(In our suburbian village of 4,300 inhabitants we have two 'normal' family doctors, two internists, one paediatrician, one psychiatrist, three orthopedic surgeons, one general/accident/hand surgeon, one rheumatologist (specialised internist), two dentists and additonally two psychologists, three physiotherapist's practises and one ergotherapeutic practise.
Since we are a "spa town", we've two sanatoriums here (thermal, salty water) where patients stay after operations for three to six weeks.
The doctors there [not listed above] are internists, specialised in rheumatology, cardiology and orthopaedic surgery. They've ordinance hours for 'out patients' (= normal citizens) as well.
All other specialists are to be found in town (70,000 inhabitants incl villages), a catholic and an Evangelical (which means nothing at all for patients).
Both have about 400 beds, the catholic has urology wards, geriatric wards and orthopaedic wards additionally to the general and accident surgeons wards and the various internists wards.
The latter are in the Evangelical hospital as well, they additionally a a children surgeons ward, a children hospital, neurology wards and gynaecology wards (the latter, because the catholic hospital didn't do abortions).
In one of the villages we've a psychiatric hospital with a couple of wards (for half of the district, though).
As said above, we usually go to 'our' doctor or a specialist.
If we get ill over the weekend or at night ....
no, no, ... we call a the number from the "doctor on emergency duty", that are (here, differs from town to town) pools of family doctors and specialists (about two practises per day), who than will either ask you to come to their practise (during day time) or visit you at home. (What nearly all family doctors do.)
Dentists have the same service.
Or you go to the "ambulance" in one of the hospitals
But you don't -normally- go there .... besides that you're driven by an ambulance.
Emergency medicine in Germany does not only mean emergency medical care in hospitals or surgeries. It also means that a special "rescue car" with an emergency doctor is send to accidents, suspected strokes, unclear internist and similar cases.
Well, I just wanted to show the differences which I noted personally.