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Notes from Africa

 
 
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 12:18 pm
A friend of mine is in Rwanda for half a year. She's a brilliant writer and she blogs from there. Not sure if i can link to her blog, i presume not, but I thought i'd share some of her writing here every now and then, as it's always a good read.

DECODING THE NEWS
Posted: 07 Mar 2008 02:05 AM CST
Jina Moore

Here's an article from Agence France Press, which is like the A.P. or Reuters-those big news organizations that cover the world in "traditional journalism style." You'll recognize it; it's that thing Jon Stewart mocks so brilliantly. The article is short, but I made it shorter, so I can get to the point:
Quote:
BUJUMBURA (AFP) ?- Some 600,000 Burundians are suffering from food shortages and need emergency aid, the World Food Programme's director in the small central African nation said Thursday.
"At preset, we need 60 million dollars to alleviate the suffering of around 600,000 people who are hungry, who are the most vulnerable among the vulnerable," Jean-Charles Dei said…..
"In 2008, we expect a shortfall of 486,000 tons of food goods in spite of a two-percent increase in harvests compared to the previous year," Dei said.
He said that 46 percent of the country's 8.1 million people suffered from chronic malnutrition, explaining that Burundi was self-sufficient in 1993 but that the population had since grown by 33 percent while production stagnated….
Burundi, ranked the world's third poorest country by the World Bank, is struggling to emerge from a civil war that broke out in 1993 and has cost some 300,000 lives, mostly civilian.


Are you asleep yet?
This article shocked me, actually. What's this person, whoever he or she is who wrote it, really saying? In news journalism, the last thing you write is supposed to be the "most expendable." An editor should be able to look at your story and if it doesn't fit in the space, he starts cutting paragraphs, from the bottom up. But in order to understand what this person is really saying, I have to start from the bottom of his article and work my way to the top. That, already, is an indictment, of the article and the model it is based on.
In 1993, the third in a history of ethnic massacres broke out in Burundi. It's an unrecognized genocide, one which shares some of the dimensions of but was somehow eclipsed by Rwanda's own genocide in 1994. Strangers killed strangers; neighbors killed neighbors, and at the end of it all, three hundred thousand people had died, whole families were destroyed, and probably some, as in Rwanda, still haven't received proper burial. The country's infrastructure-roads, agriculture, electricity, to say nothing of banks and business-still hasn't recovered; even if it had, generations of talented Burundians aren't alive any more, and 15 short years aren't quite enough to train those who do remain or who have returned to make a country function.
Since then, the country has slowly been negotiating peace, formally and informally: You can have all the agreements you want, but peace is negotiated every day by the people who live in your country.
As you can probably guess, any history of massacres also means a history of refugees. Even before 1993, hundreds of thousands of Burundians were living in refugee camps in Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Congo. As Burundi became stable, they returned home-sometimes because they wanted to, sometimes because their "hosts" wanted them to leave. So now Burundi's population is soaring. So are land conflicts: if I fled from my family home during the second massacres in 1972, and you've been living there since, who owns the house? Does our instinctual answer to that question change if we find out that you, who have been living there, chased we who fled away with a machete? How can we both eat, in a country where people have for generations grown their own food, and where the opportunity to grow food comes only with the right to land, which comes through the family?
And so… "Some 600,000 Burundians are suffering from food shortages and need emergency aid….Burundi was self-sufficient in 1993 but that the population had since grown by 33 percent while production stagnated."
This is voice for the voiceless?
We say we want to solve problems. How can we solve problems if the very language we use to describe them fails to tell us what they really are? This is not just a problem of journalists. Download a Security Council resolution or a State Department report. Pick up a program report from USAID or CARE, two big players in international aid: This is also a problem of diplomats, and it's a problem of development workers. In the course of our professional duties to be objective, or to be scientific, or to be both, we use language to cut out of our jobs the very people we are supposed to be helping. The problem is, we in those professions also profess to be advocating for them.
There is a way to be fair, to be objective, to be clear-headed, to be independent, while also acknowledging the humanity of the people you are working with, the nuance of the context you are working in.
So next time you are writing a world news article, or using a log frame, or advising your boss about policy options, stop for a second and read out loud what you have in your hands. Can you hear anything human in it?
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littlek
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 01:42 pm
Lovely.

I don't see why you can't link to her blog.
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dagmaraka
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 02:47 pm
I think it's against the TOS to link to blogs, no?
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Francis
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 02:50 pm
Well, dont link, give the url enclosed with some diacritics..

I'm interested.
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dagmaraka
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:01 pm
If you google Jina Moore, her blog will come up as the second hit (Notes from Central Africa)
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dagmaraka
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:09 pm

Forget the malaria, the dengue, the yellow fever…

February 11, 2008 ·
Let me tell you what will really kill you in Africa.


I arrived in Kigali in the late morning on Thursday, utterly beaten by my travel and utterly annoyed at my pansy self for feeling beaten. My luggage didn't show up, my nose wouldn't stop running, and I felt a fever, so instead of heading out to the city's outskirts, where I was supposed to stay in a bring-your-own-wash-bucket kind of establishment, I decided, a la Eat, Pray, Love, to "take care" of my shakra or whatever and go to a hotel I knew in the center of town. There, I could drop my bags, pick up a phone (swindled!), swing by the embassy (no go: as of Jan 1, it has packed up shop and moved across town, where the rest of Kigali is happily gentrifying), and buy a new shirt to replace the rather miserably-scented garment I'd been wearing. All that, and take a nap by 3.

The nap lasted until noon the next day. I missed check out and had to shell out another 18,000 francs?-to put this in perspective, I am told this is more than half of what a doctor earns in Kigali in a month?-for another night. I'm nervous, less about the extra cash than about offending my hosts, who'd arranged my much more reasonable 5,000 a night stay in the bucket-bath place at my insistence ("No, no, I don't need anything fancy?-no, I don't need a shower. Hot water? Overrated. Yes, I'll bring my own towel. Pack it in my…luggage.")

Finally I arrive at the little logement. I get your standard cheap Kigali room, which did me well for a whole month the last time I was here.

But then, I start to feel it. The wheezing.

This is a feeling I know. It's what led to The Great Summer Exodus of 2006, from my otherwise amazing Renovated-and-Then-Overpriced Harlem brownstone to my Humbler-But-Cheaper residence. This wheezing, it's sneaky. It starts all subtle, and then it's uncontrollable.

It's the last part I forgot about later, wandering wheeze-free through the city with The Law Student who also cares for the logement. We didn't get back until after 10 p.m., and I was beat. I laid down?-this next part I'm very ashamed of, so please, judge gently?-popped open the laptop and opened the only Grey's Anatomy left on my hard drive. (For fans: George calls out the anesthesiologist for being drunk, Izzie's mad Meredith is having sex with Derek, and this crazy woman's crazier boyfriend swallows her keys to keep her from leaving him.) Not a few minutes go by before I start to realize I am breathing like the crazy boyfriend, hacking like I want to release a doorman's set of spares.

I sit up. It gets easier, but not much. I get out of the malaria-canopy (ie, bednet) and go blow my nose. Breathing is much, much easier over there, three feet away, by the (non-functioning) sink. I lay down again, thinking it's all in my head.

Nope. It's worse now, and I resolve to sleep on the cement floor. This means exposing myself to Certain Death by Malaria: This particular net doesn't come off the bed, and all my DEET-filled bug spray is in the lost luggage. Upon reflection, I realize if I get malaria, I will notice and it can be treated, whereas if I simply stop breathing in the middle of the night, I might miss that completely. I strip the bed, lay one sheet on the ground and wrap the other around my body. When a mosquito whizzes by my ear?-their wings produce a high pitched, almost angry drone?-I grab my hoody, zip it around my body and tighten the hood around my face like I'm sealing up biologically hazardous waste. I think I am Malaria-Impenetrable, until I feel a mosquito on my cheek.

This is where, if you've read this far, you get your reward.

My dad had joked a few days before I left about the airline losing my luggage, so I threw five pairs of clean panties (back off, I learned to speak in Britain) in my carry-on. It dawns on me that the underwear-mask I used as a five-year-old to rob my own piggy bank might be at its most effective now, keeping the Evil Bastards off my face.

That's right.

Now completely mummified against the sleeping disease, I lay back. Wheezing again. I resolve that I simply must just sleep sitting up, propped against the wall. (Note to Mike Cornick: I like to think that you never intended your joke, which my sister is fond of repeating, to be such a curse.) And this is when I am finally, finally grateful for my inexplicably large ass (Have you met my family? In context, my ass makes absolutely no proportional sense).

So there I…sit, waiting for sleep, biding my time mostly by drafting this blog post in my head. Actually, it was, like, totally meta?-I was, like, sitting there thinking about writing it, and then thinking about writing about thinking about writing it. Way.

Eventually a new narrative emerged, one that involved a woman in a bustle, a bonnet with superfluous fabric and lace gloves. It was immediately clear to me that she was Little Bo Beep (for those keeping score, yes, she had no sheep), which is how I know I must've gotten some sleep.

Either that, or the Angel of Death is way more non-threatening than any of us ever imagined.
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Francis
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:16 pm
Just checked, it's ok. Reading...
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hamburger
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:19 pm
i find it's usually somewhat (?) shocking to see the "leaders" of some poor nation attending a meeting , coming off an airplane ... ...
they are usually well-fed men , well-dressed , plenty of attendants looking after them ... ...
looks like they have no worry in the world .


http://www.rwandagateway.org/IMG/jpg/nkurunziza_kagame2.jpg



when you see how the "ordinary" people have to live - well , that's a different story .


http://www.refugeesinternational.org/files/2876_image1_bur-03-04-idps-3.jpg

even opposition leaders and rebel leaders often look as if they don't come from the same group of people as those "ordinary" people they claim to represent .

i believe that this is a picture of nelson mandela (yes ,i know who he is) meeting with a government and an opposition leader - i can't tell who is who .
both look like they just came from a health-spa - unfortunately they forgot to invite some of the "ordinary" people .

http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1715000/images/_1718122_burundi300.jpg

is there a solution to this sorry state of affairs ?
i certainly don't know .
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dagmaraka
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:25 pm
i'm afraid that's a worldwide problem, hamburger, not just Africa's.

But speaking of "helping" the third world countries, here's another good post from Jina:

I Can't Believe I'm Posting About George Clooney
February 22, 2008
It has come to this. But maybe the "it" isn't me… Hold on, we need some context:

Clooney recently had a dark-night-of-the-soul (or of the red wine, depending) with Time Magazine's Joel Stein, about Darfur:

Quote:
"But now, just three weeks back from having a 14-year-old border guard shove a machine gun at his chest, after recovering from malaria, after helicoptering out of N'Djamena, Chad, in a sandstorm three days before the rebels sacked it, he wonders if his critics are right, if this scheme to use celebrity to bring attention to the world's plights isn't, if not vanity, at least striving after wind. "I've been very depressed since I got back. I'm terrified that it isn't in any way helping. That bringing attention can cause more damage. You dig a well or build a health-care facility and they're a target for somebody," he says. "A lot more people know about Darfur, but absolutely nothing is different. Absolutely nothing."
Somewhere in the course of obsessively following news from Darfur, and in believing that even if celebrities like Clooney couldn't make a difference maybe the smartest of the activist types could, I lost the ability to see the difference between activism and noise. It's the right kind of noise?-in my field, we call it 'speaking on behalf of the voiceless' or something equally self-serving; I don't know what the advocates call it. "Raising awareness," I would guess.


And I genuinely believe there's good in that. But who are we talking to? And do the people whom we're talking for think it matters?

A slightly different way of putting this point: During the campaign for divestment from Darfur, someone working closely with the government of Sudan told me that all this American youth activism confused Khartoum; the Sudanese president couldn't imagine why the most powerful man in the world, as they characterize Bush, would ever listen to a bunch of college kids.

One response to this is to say, "That's the beauty of our democracy." But that's a congratulatory way of missing the point. Which is the same one Clooney was making when he worried about turning the people he helps into targets: Even when your noise is the voice of the voiceless, the signal can get lost. At best, when that happens, you simply don't do any good. At worst, you do damage.

This is not the end of this idea ?- it's way too pessimistic a thought to end on ?- but it does have to be the end of this post. To be continued, hopefully with lots of ideas from you.

PS: It's a great article, and the only part about Darfur is the excerpted one. Otherwise, it's a light, funny read.
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Mame
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:44 pm
I really like her writing style, Dag. I've also read some of the stuff she linked to. Great reading!
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dagmaraka
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Mar, 2008 03:51 pm
Thank you. I'm very proud of her Very Happy
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dagmaraka
 
  1  
Reply Mon 10 Mar, 2008 11:15 pm
Aid-ing the poor
Posted: 10 Mar 2008 02:00 PM CDT
Jina Moore

It doesn't take all that much time in a place like Rwanda to start wondering if aid works, or how it might work better. Here's an excerpt from a blog I just happened upon, in which a guy from Europe (Germany?) who's been here a lot longer than I raises a few difficult questions:
The failures of the aid industry are becoming more obvious and more difficult to hide. And it is unfortunate, because aid is not bad per se. For me, there are still brilliant people and great organisations doing amazing work in Africa. The methods of the aid industry simply need to change, and people back in "the developed world" need to begin to understand the change that is needed, in order to start lobbying for it. For example:
- Don't give anything for free. Used clothes from Germany destroy the local textiles market, free American vegetable oil competes with local farmers, free solar power modules put local traders out of business and free money goes to the corrupt and lazy. When you give things for free, you destroy local businesses and livelihoods.
- Use the private sector, even if it means that projects are more difficult. Use local construction companies, hire local companies to implement projects, create joint ventures and public-private partnership, encourage an entrepreneurial mentality. Find ways to deal with the cheats, con-artists and dubious businessmen that leach off donors.
- Stop using cash flow as a way of measuring aid agencies' performance. Almost all aid agencies have "spending targets" as a way of measuring their "success" in their country programmes. In the aid industry, if you're not spending, you're not working. This encourages reckless spending and bizarre behaviour. At the end of the fiscal year for example, many donors will start spending huge amounts of money on products and consultants with little overall strategy.
So the question is, is it worth continuing with the development aid industry?
You can read the whole post, or the rest of his blog, here. But don't stop coming back to mine. I'll be so lonely.

Greetings, or "What am I supposed to do with your hand?"
Posted: 10 Mar 2008 05:02 AM CDT
Jina Moore

Anyone who's ever left the States-hell, anyone who's left a small hometown for a big city, or vice versa-knows that awkward squishy feeling of saying your how-do-you-do's. Especially in a foreign culture, it's a guessing game of non-verbals…a form of communication which itself is totally unreliable, because non-verbals are not universal. That cute little informal wave goodbye in America, the one where you fold your fingers down a few times, means, "Hey, come here" in much of East Africa.
It's the handshakes that always get me. I have always found them very corporate, and I misjudge them every time. I might remember to grip vigorously-especially if it's a man, and he's in a nice suit-but I'll forget to fortify my arm, and I wind up being wobbled about.
Handshakes are not like that in Rwanda, to say the least. There's a national reprieve from shaking, actually; it's more hand touching, the kind of contact that qualifies in the States as the derided "limp handshake." But that's what's even weirder, for Americans: lingering contact with a… stranger.
I've noticed three categories of greetings: the extended hand-clasp, not so much a clasp really as a mutual habitation of the same hand-space while greetings are exchanged; the lower-arm clasp; and the full-on hug. (There's also the three kisses for women, or touches of the head for men, but this, like paper money and bureaucracy, is a legacy of the Belgians.)
The arm-clasp is my favorite, because I've never seen anything like it. It's like shaking hands but at the wrist level, or higher. I wondered if there was a hierarchy of greetings, if, say, the arm-clasp was for people who aren't strangers, but aren't friendly enough to hug. A Rwandan friend told me this is clever but completely wrong (see, "non-verbals are not universal."). "It is," she says, "like half a hug," and easier to execute if there's, say, a table in the way.
As for the hugging, another Rwandan woman told me, "It's just our culture. We don't feel we've properly said hello to you unless we've hugged you."
I think Rwanda is going to work out okay for me.
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