@tsarstepan,
We don't have public washrooms, per se, but they can be found at gas stations, some parks, restaurants, malls, etc. Vancouver used to have a couple in the Downtown Eastside, but I think they did away with them some time ago.
At home, it's 'bathroom'. Outside the home, it's 'restroom', 'washroom', 'Ladies", 'Gents', 'toilet'.
No problems with them, they're generally very clean; however, there are a few on the train lines that seem to be used by drug addicts as you will find used needles and other detritus there