I found this by googling Transcendentalism. It's from a site maintained by a guy named Joel Peckham, who seem to know something about the subject:
The American Romantic movement and its offspring, American Transcendentalism participated in the reaction against a neoclassical ideal that stressed the value of rational, order-centered, approaches to art and spirituality as they were expressed in the writings of Locke and Bacon. Based in the artistic philosophies of German transcendentalists and Romantics such as Goethe, Kant, Schiller, and Hegel, and on the literary conventions of British authors such as Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Byron, major 19 century American authors and artists created a unique movement integrating these revolutionaly ideals (particularly the romantic emphasis on a harmonious, almost, primitive, connectedness to the natural world and the spiritual signifigance of its sublime manifestations) with the dawning frontier spirit, intense nationalism, and democratic idealization of the common man that characterized American social and political movements of the period.
http://www.geocities.com/joelpeckham/transcendentalism.html