Just Who Were the Jews?? First invent your Jew, then invent your Christ…
First mention of Israelites by their neighbours
The Moabite Stele - Large slab of basalt that records King Mesha of Moab's defeat of Israel "which hath perished forever".
– 9th century BC (Louvre, Paris)
Jew Who?
Asiatic traders, tomb of Beni Hassan, Middle Egypt. Jews – or not Jews?
'About the year 1000 B.C. there was nothing distinctive about the Jews ethnically, linguistically, politically or economically.'
N. Cantor (The Sacred Chain, p52)
POLYTHEISTIC JEWS?
YHWH and his Asherah
"It will come as an unpleasant shock to many that the God of Israel, YHWH, had a female consort and that the early Israelite religion adopted monotheism only in the waning period of the monarchy and not at Mount Sinai."
– Ha'aretz Magazine, October, 1999
'Should you not possess what your god Chemosh gives you to possess? And should we not be the ones to possess everything that Yahweh our God has conquered for our benefit?'
– Judges 11:24
Jews worship Queen of Heaven
"Then ... all the people who dwelt in Egypt ... answered Jeremiah: “We will not listen to you! We will ... burn incense to the Queen of Heaven and pour out drink offerings to her, as we have done, we and our fathers, our kings and our princes, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem. For then we had plenty of food, were well-off, and saw no trouble."
– Jeremiah 44.15-17.
The rambling, repetitive book of Jeremiah is a collection of disparate material assembled no earlier than the 6th century BC.
Jews worship Tammuz
'Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the LORD's house which was toward the north; and, behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz.'
– Ezekiel 8:14.
The Babylonian god actually gives his name to the 4th month of the Jewish religious year.
Jews Worship Anat-Bethel
Jewish mercenaries, garrisoned at Elephantine on the upper Nile from the early 7th century BC, maintained their own Temple.
As a "treasurer's report" records, the Judaean soldiers worshipped both Yahweh (Yahu) and his Canaanite girlfriend Anat, despite the prohibitions of Deuteronomy.
Mrs God
"At two sites, Kuntilet Ajrud in the southwestern part of the Negev hill region, and Khirbet el-Kom in the Judea piedmont, Hebrew inscriptions have been found that mention 'YHWH and his Asherah', 'YHWH Shomron and his Asherah', 'YHWH Teman and his Asherah'.
These inscriptions, from the 8th century BCE, raise the possibility that monotheism, as a state religion, is actually an innovation of the period of the Kingdom of Judea, following the destruction of the Kingdom of Israel."
– Ze'ev Herzog (Prof. Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Tel Aviv University)
Back Projection ...
"The Bible writers projected backwards into time the kind of political rivalry that was happening in their own day [6th c BC] in order to explain that rivalry and perhaps justify the Israelite position over current border disputes."
Magnus Magnusson (The Archaeology of the Bible Lands - BC, p76)