@Joe Nation,
Quote:The idea of love your enemies was not developed by the Early Christian Church, even the Romans, for crying out loud, made outreaches to anyone they vanquished in order to keep in control of the territories they conquered. It was the Israelites who were directed in the Old Testament to kill everybody except the virgin women when they won a war, but maybe they picked up the idea during the Babylonian Captivity.
And maybe they did
not pick up the idea from Babylon. For one thing, the Babylonians were apparently not much in the habit of forgiving their political enemies: the Jews and other submitted tribes remained in exile there for decades, until Babylon was finally toppled by the Persians and the Jews and others were finally allowed to move back to whence they came from.
There's no way to tell. The only things we can be reasonably certain of is that Jesus was a Jew, learnt stuff that other Jewish boys learnt at the time, and that this idea to love one's enemy did not seem to form part of the curriculum. Which is my reasoning for saying it is original.
As for the Romans, their mercy towards the vanquished was about smart politics. That's how they won so much influence: by co-opting their former enemies. That's a conqueror's mercy, only available to the vanquished. Not a moral premise but a Machiavellian precept. (If only Bush could have done the same with Saddam' army in Iraq instead of disbanding it, post-invasion Iraq would have been more manageable.)
Another aspect which I find rather original in Christianity is the importance (originally) given to women, and more generally the downtrodden and the outcast. Again, it's not like nobody had ever mixed religion and females before, but it was the first time in the Jewish tradition that one placed such a strong emphasis on half of the world, and on the poor. This original feminism went down the chute quite quickly. The idea that the poor will inherit the earth - the beatitudes - remained.
Some of the spirit of the beatitudes was already in Hillel (He who exalts himself shall be abused, and he that humbles himself shall be exalted), which is why I believe he was a likely influence of Jesus.
You seem to agree with the Ecclesiastes: "nothing new under the sun". I think that's a bit too facile. There ARE new ideas that crop up, once in a long while, and to me it is important to pay credit where it is due.