Malicious link

We have our class messenger group, and one girl suddenly forwarded a link for a video. I clicked on it, and it lead to a site that required login to Facebook. I didn't check the name, so I thought I was really on Facebook, and I logged in. Then the girl wrote it was malware.
I checked my phone with like three scanners, but nothing was found. Then I checked the link through some online checkers, and it told it was safe. I've just changed my password on Facebook. I use the same Facebook account even for messenger.
How can I know if it really was malicious link? What can I do for removing? And can it have access to some other accounts of me or my whole phone or just Facebook?