The Greek historian Strabo reported on a Greek merchant captain who traded into Britain for tin, sailing in the late fourth and early third century BCE. That captain tried to sail north one year to trade for walrus ivory. However, he encountered brash ice in the northern reaches of what we call the Irish Sea, and saw pack ice to the north of that. This was in a period of deep climate cooling lasting (very roughly) from about 500 BCE to 500 CE. In another thread, George (perennial shill for the energy industry) said that there was a rise in average annual temperature of 2.2 degrees C in the so-called Medieval Warm Period (known to historians as the climactic optimum). That was not much warming to make up for the cooling which had preceded it, and especially in view of the cooling which succeeded it. It also ignores that we've reached that point already in our own climate warming period, with centuries to go.
The Climactic Optimum was succeeded by a period of climate cooling which is referred to as the Little Ice Age.
This page has a timeline for the Little Ice Age. In particular, check out the tab for the Maunder Minimum, which posits that the extreme cooling was due to a " cooler" sun. That tab, with the rubric 1645, covers the period 1645 to 1715. The early 18th century was the "bottom" of that cooling period. In particular, there is a heap of anecdotal evidence for the winters of 1708-09 and 1709-10. This is because in western Europe, England, Holland the Holy Roman Empire were fighting France in the War of the Spanish Succession; at the same time, the Great Northern War was raging in eastern Europe. In the low countries and France in the winter of 1709-10, birds froze to death and fell dead from the trees. Massive wolf packs attacked the barriers at city gates, and those who managed to get into the cities hunted the homeless or those who had been foolish enough to go out at night, and killed and ate them. In the spring, farmers and woodsmen found that rabbits had frozen to death in their burrow, and badgers in their setts by the stench of the rotting bodies as the spring weather warmed the ground.
That fool Charles XII of Sweden invaded Russia in 1708 with an army of nearly 100,000 men. Without going into details of his folly, he lost almost all of that army--and almost 14,000 were known to have frozen to death. At Poltava in 1709, he had fewer than 20,000 men left, and most of them who were not killed in battle were captured. Charles escaped to seek refuge with the Turks, with 2000 survivors. People in eastern Europe considered the winter of 1708-09 to have been the coldest known.
Climatologists consider the Little Ice Age to ave finally ended in the 1870s. I don't understand their reasoning for that--so far, what I can find online doe snot explsin their reasoning. Given that it is said to have started in 1300 (most historians point to notable cooling in the previous century), that's about five centuries in the deep freeze.
All of this leads me to suggest that this climate warming which we are entering may reach new heights unseen for 9000 years. It's not that mankind is causing this cycle of climate change, but the CO2 and methane being pumped into the atmosphere is certainly exacerbating the run away temperatures. As recently as ten years ago, climatologists were predicting that the Antarctic ice shelves could begin to break up in 50 years time. But already we've seen a chunk the size of Delaware break off and now a chunk the size of Florida.
Fasten your seat belts, sports fans. It's gonna be a long, long, extremely hot summer.