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Probability - shoe shop stock out

 
 
beefos
 
Reply Wed 25 Jul, 2018 02:08 am
A shoe shop has a shoe in 9 sizes and they keep 6 of each size in stock.
They expect 9 customers per week of this shoe - these can be any size.
What is the probability they will run out of stock?
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engineer
 
  2  
Reply Wed 25 Jul, 2018 06:21 am
@beefos,
To run out of stock, the nine customers must order seven or more of the same type of shoe. The chance they will order nine of one type is (1/9)^9. The chance they will order eight is (1/9)^8*(8/9). The chance they will order exactly seven is (1/9)^7*(8/9)^2. The sum of these three probabilities is 1.884E-07. There are nine sizes of shoe and it is not possible to run out of two types of shoe so multiply by nine to get a total probability of 1.696E-06.

engineer
 
  2  
Reply Wed 25 Jul, 2018 06:53 am
@engineer,
I made an error in this post.

The chance they will order nine of one type is (1/9)^9.
The chance they will order eight is (1/9)^8*(8/9)*9.
The chance they will order seven is (1/9)^7*(8/9)^2*(9*8/2)

After multiplying by nine you get 5.522E-05
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beefos
 
  1  
Reply Wed 25 Jul, 2018 08:06 am

Thanks Engineer.

Is there an easy way to scale this, for example to:

A shoe shop has a shoe in 80 sizes and they keep 3 of each size in stock.
They expect 26 customers per week of this shoe - these can be any size.
What is the probability they will run out of stock of at least one size?
beefos
 
  1  
Reply Thu 26 Jul, 2018 04:07 am
@beefos,
I can work out that p(at least 2 of same size) = 1-p(all different)
p(all different) = 80/80 * 79/80...55/80 = (80!/54!)/80^26 = 0.0103
So P(at least 2 of same size) = 1-0.0103 = 0.9897

But not sure how to scale up to at least 4 of the same size (which will be a stock out)
engineer
 
  2  
Reply Thu 26 Jul, 2018 07:09 am
@beefos,
This is a "balls and bins" type of problem. You have a different take on it since you want no more than X balls in a bin, but the general problem is the same. This site has a lot of these types of questions, but I don't see your exactly. It should give you some insights though.

https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/balls-in-bins?sort=frequent&pageSize=50
beefos
 
  1  
Reply Thu 26 Jul, 2018 09:21 am
@engineer,
Thanks, I've posted the question there and will report back if I get an answer I understand.
engineer
 
  1  
Reply Thu 26 Jul, 2018 11:31 am
@beefos,
Thanks, I'm interested in the answer.
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