How do you die from inhaling glass?

If glass particles are inhaled and land in the respiratory passages, including the lungs, they could indeed cause internal bleeding. Possibly massive bleeding, depending on how much was inhaled. The length of time until death would vary according to how much was inhaled and the person's overall health, including any other injuries sustained from the tornado.

Keep in mind, glass particles can be quite small, making it relatively easy to breath them in.