@Leadfoot,
The term you are probably looking for is "static friction". There is a force exerted by static friction in case three (since gravity exerts a force that is not perpendicular to the surface which is balanced by the "static" frictional force). Because the block remains at rest, you know that the net force is zero. This means that there is a frictional force balancing out the parallel component of the force of gravity.
In case one, gravity is perpendicular to the surface. So the frictional force (i.e. static friction) is zero.