@dalehileman,
it isnt the calcium but the carbonate. Limestone and calcite fizzes in vinegar (or HCl) dolomite only fizzes when its in a crushed form. Both are carbonates.
siderite fizzes only in HCL nd quartz fizzes in Hydroflouric acid(which I dont rev=ccomend anyone carrying in a field pack)
Hrdness , gravity, streak etc are still valid tests for the simpler ones. We dont need n Xray or some more complex gizmos.
Several minerals slowly dissolve in hot water and you can add test solutions to draw a color corresponding to the major metal ion that is the base of the mineral