@shua,
They are synonymous, however 'whosoever' is extremely archaic. literary and formal, and very rarely, if ever, used in modern English. It is usually seen in material such as old translations of the Christian Bible and literature from 200 years ago and before, and the only time when its use is required is when quoting directly from such material. If you want a rule, then it would be "don't use whosoever unless you have to"