If you are referring to Thailand, there is a war going on between the govt and Islamic separatists in the south. In China it's a similar situation, but in the west. They are two that I know of, but no doubt it's going on elsewhere in Asia.
Last I heard, roughly 10% were 'extremists' (probably can also be termed fundamentalists, for following original fundamental teachings of Islam, but also extremists for how they've been indoctrinised and brainwashed). When there's over 1 billion muslims, that's 100million 'extremists'. Surveys in Islamic countries show 50% of muslims sympathise with them, and what they do.
Further, govt law doesn't always demand such, but often they also have religious courts that do demand much - if not to a constant extreme (Malaysia has religious courts, other countries too, but can't think of them off the top of my head), or religious militia that do, or even just a loose group of religious nutters that do - an example of this last, Indonesia for example, has had many Christian church bombings in the last decade, as well as quite a number of western hotel / nightclub bombings.
You also have to look at the makeup of each society - in the absence of other ideas / new idea's, the existing idea's become more extreme. Islam moves towards it being the basis of all ideas - ie, in reality it moves towards being the sole idea.
