Can you give an example (in Law).

Are you asking about improperly/incorrectly applied proximate cause?

If so, then look up Palsgraff vs. Long Island Rail Road.

How about "a company" ?

@Jespah
Is there anything in law that comes into existence under certain terms and conditions, but can continue to exist even after those terms and conditions are no longer around.

That's a way, way, way too vague question to be answered. Are you asking about successor corporations? There are tons of those.

@Jespah
Well I sort of meant it to be vague. a successor corporation (from what I have read briefly) seems to be the exact opposite. a new thing that comes into existence but under terms and conditions that are still around

Duh?

How about Child support order after a divorce?

Many, perhaps most, things, probably. So-called "black letter law" is often applied in a machine-like way, without regard for the conditions and suppositions which generated the "rule" in the first place.

Example: I had a cop give me a ticket for not coming to a stop behind a "stop" sign. It didn't help me a bit to point out to him that I had come to a complete stop before I got to the intersection the sign was "guarding."

Of course it's selective. The same cop who will give you a ticket for "speeding" when you're trying to get a dying man to a hospital won't even consider giving himself one for speeding in order to catch up with you.