Evolutionary Elements of Earth

a)How are the elements that make up earth though to have evolved in stars from hydrogen? What types of events in starts caused the formation of the lighter elements, up to and including carbon? What role does the size of the star play in the kinds of elements that can form within it? How do heavier elements form?
b)Describe sedimentary and igneous rocks. How is each formed and how are they related to each other? What is the relevance of these rocks to evolution: in which kind are fossils found and why; which kind can be dated by radioactive measurements and why; how is the combined information from both kinds of rocks used to estimate that age of fossils?